The Use of Benralizumab in the Treatment of Near-Fatal Asthma: A New Approach.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ramakrishnan S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7258629 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectiveTo characterize the clinical course, therapies, and outcomes of children with fatal and near-fatal asthma admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).Study designThis was a retrospective chart abstraction across the 8 tertiary care PICUs of the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network (CPCCRN). Inclusion criteria were children (aged 1-18 years) admitted between 2005 and 2009 (inclusive) for asthma who received ventilation (near-fatal) or died (fatal). Data collected included medications, ventilator strategies, concomitant therapies, demographic information, and risk variables.ResultsOf the 261 eligible children, 33 (13%) had no previous history of asthma, 218 (84%) survived with no known complications, and 32 (12%) had complications. Eleven (4%) died, 10 of whom had experienced cardiac arrest before admission. Patients intubated outside the PICU had a shorter duration of ventilation (median, 25 hours vs 84 hours; P < .001). African-Americans were disproportionately represented among the intubated children and had a shorter duration of intubation. Barotrauma occurred in 15 children (6%) before admission. Pharmacologic therapy was highly variable, with similar outcomes.ConclusionOf the children ventilated in the CPCCRN PICUs, 96% survived to hospital discharge. Most of the children who died experienced cardiac arrest before admission. Intubation outside the PICU was correlated with shorter duration of ventilation. Complications of barotrauma and neuromyopathy were uncommon. Practice patterns varied widely among the CPCCRN sites.
| S-EPMC3402707 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Benralizumab is an interleukin-5 receptor ?-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody approved in several countries for the add-on maintenance treatment of patients with severe eosinophilic asthma aged 12?years and older. In the 28-week Phase III ZONDA trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02075255), benralizumab produced a median 75% reduction from baseline in oral corticosteroid (OCS) dosage (versus 25% for placebo) while maintaining asthma control for patients with OCS-dependent severe asthma. This manuscript presents the detailed protocol for the Phase IIIb PONENTE (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03557307), a study that will build on the findings from ZONDA. As the largest steroid-sparing study undertaken in severe asthma, PONENTE has a faster steroid tapering schedule for prednisone dosages ?7.5?mg·day-1 than previous studies, and it includes an evaluation of adrenal insufficiency and an algorithm to taper OCS dosage when prednisone dosage is ?5?mg·day-1. It also has a longer maintenance phase to assess asthma control for up to 6 months after completion of OCS tapering. The two primary endpoints are whether patients achieve 100% reduction in daily OCS use and whether patients achieve 100% reduction in daily OCS or achieve OCS dosage ?5?mg·day-1, if adrenal insufficiency prevented further reduction, both sustained over ?4?weeks without worsening of asthma. Safety and change from baseline in health-related quality of life will also be assessed. PONENTE should provide valuable guidance for clinicians on tapering OCS dosage, including the management of adrenal insufficiency, following benralizumab initiation for the treatment of patients who are OCS-dependent with severe, uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma.
| S-EPMC6759576 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Near-fatal asthma attacks are life threatening events that often require mechanical ventilation. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) is, beside extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a well-established rescue option whenever ventilation gets to its limits. But there seems to be very rare experience with those techniques in avoiding mechanical ventilation in severe asthma attacks.A 67-year-old man with a near-fatal asthma attack deteriorated under non-invasive ventilation conditions. Beside pharmacological treatment, the intensivists decided to use an extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal system (ECCO2R) to avoid sedation and intubation. Within only a few hours, there was a breakthrough and the patient's status improved continuously. One and a half days later, weaning from ECCO2R was already completed.The discussion deals with several advantages of extracorporeal lung support in acute asthma, the potential of avoiding intubation and sedation, as well as the benefits of a conscious and spontaneously breathing patient. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in general and ECCO2R in particular is a highly effective method for the treatment of an acute near-fatal asthma attack. Pathophysiological aspects favor the "awake" approach, without sedation, intubation, and mechanical ventilation. Therefore, experienced clinicians might consider "awake" ECCO2R in similar cases.
| S-EPMC5549394 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundCompEx Asthma, a composite end-point for asthma exacerbations, captures clinically relevant, diary-based acute worsening events (AWEs) (defined as deterioration in daily peak expiratory flow concurrent with deterioration in asthma symptoms and/or rescue therapy use) and severe exacerbations (SevEx) (defined by American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines). We hypothesised that CompEx and SevEx would show similar benralizumab treatment effects and correlations to blood eosinophil counts in patients with severe asthma.MethodsThis post hoc analysis of pooled 12-month data from two phase 3 studies included patients aged ≥16 years with severe, uncontrolled asthma who were randomised to benralizumab 30 mg or placebo. Annualised event rates were analysed using a negative binomial model. The impact of blood eosinophil count on treatment effect was assessed.ResultsAmong patients with a blood eosinophil count ≥300 cells·µL-1 (n=913), benralizumab reduced the annualised event rate versus placebo for CompEx (1.57 versus 2.57; risk ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.53-0.70, p<0.001), SevEx (0.94 versus 1.55; risk ratio 0.60, 95% CI 0.52-0.70, p<0.001) and AWE (0.92 versus 1.57; risk ratio 0.59, 95% CI 0.48-0.72, p<0.001), with greater treatment effects observed for higher blood eosinophil counts. In patients with blood eosinophil count ≥300 cells·µL-1, benralizumab was associated with shorter median event duration (CompEx: 10.5 days versus 17.0 days; SevEx: 10.0 days versus 15.0 days; AWE: 5.0 days versus 6.0 days).ConclusionsBenralizumab reduced the risk of CompEx events with treatment effects similar to those for SevEx and AWEs across a range of blood eosinophil counts. Use of CompEx supports the evaluation of benralizumab and other novel drugs in clinical studies.
| S-EPMC10945385 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There are now multiple monoclonal antibodies targeting different inflammatory pathways of severe asthma. Benralizumab is a recently approved monoclonal antibody indicated for the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma by targeting a subunit of the IL-5 receptor. Treatment with benralizumab results in significant reductions of blood and tissue eosinophils. Early studies report that this therapy has an adequate safety profile, and this was confirmed in later trials. Phase III studies have shown that benralizumab is effective in reducing the rate of exacerbations and improving asthma symptoms and quality of life in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Additionally, treatment with benralizumab has resulted in important reductions in the use of chronic oral corticosteroids. In this review, we evaluate the evidence up to date on the efficacy of benralizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma and explore the implications of this therapy in the ever-growing landscape of therapies for severe asthma.
| S-EPMC6205543 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Severe asthma affects between 5% and 10% of patients with asthma worldwide and requires best standard therapies at maximal doses, but there is a subgroup of patients refractory to all treatments. We share a case report of a 53-year-old woman with a history of severe allergic asthma that progressively worsened over the years despite the best therapy. She had been hospitalized 35 times, including nine admissions to the respiratory intensive care unit due to severe exacerbations. To rule out other possible diagnoses, several investigations were performed, such as computed tomography scan of the chest and neck, fiberoptic laryngoscopy, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, and complete blood cell count. The patient was first treated with omalizumab, which was completely ineffective, and then with bronchial thermoplasty (BT), again without clinical benefit. The situation remained critical for about 3 months during the last hospitalization, but in February 2017, the Italian Medicines Agency approved the treatment of severe refractory eosinophilic asthma with mepolizumab (Nucala®). Given a blood eosinophil count of 300 cells/?L, our patient was started on 100 mg mepolizumab treatment. After the second administration, symptoms improved progressively, with a reduction in the number and severity of exacerbations, so the patient could finally be discharged from hospital. At follow-up, it was possible to reduce and then suspend oral corticosteroids by continuing only with inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting beta-agonists and montelukast. No further asthmatic exacerbations occurred; symptom control and quality of life improved significantly. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a patient unresponsive to omalizumab and BT but with excellent clinical response to mepolizumab. She is also the first patient to be treated with an anti-IL5 agent in Italy in a real-life clinical setting. The availability of new effective biological agents will allow many patients to resume as normal a life as possible, with a positive outcome also from a social and economic point of view.
| S-EPMC5687776 | biostudies-other
Project description:Asthma is a widespread and heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the airways, which is characterized by several different phenotypes and endotypes. In particular, eosinophilic airway inflammation is a common pathologic trait of both allergic and nonallergic asthma. The key cytokine responsible for maturation, activation, recruitment, and survival of eosinophils is interleukin (IL)-5, which is mainly produced by T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Therefore, for uncontrolled patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, who are not fully responsive to corticosteroids, IL-5 represents a very important molecular target for add-on biological therapies. Among these new treatments, anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibodies such as mepolizumab and reslizumab have been developed and clinically evaluated. Furthermore, benralizumab is currently the only available biologic drug that specifically binds to the IL-5 receptor, thus preventing the interaction with its ligand and the consequent pro-inflammatory effects. The effectiveness of benralizumab in improving severe eosinophilic asthma has been well-documented by many randomized controlled trials.
| S-EPMC5868576 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The most promising treatment options for severe uncontrolled asthma (SUA) have emerged in recent years with the development of monoclonal antibodies for blocking selective targets responsible for the underlying inflammation, such as mepolizumab and benralizumab. However, there is variability in treatment response that is not fully controlled. The variability of the response to mepolizumab and benralizumab could be influenced by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and it would be useful to detect these and use them as predictive biomarkers of response. We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of 72 Caucasian patients recruited from a tertiary hospital with severe uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma treated with mepolizumab and benralizumab. Polymorphisms in the IL5 (rs4143832, rs17690122), RAD50 (rs11739623, rs4705959), IL1RL1 (rs1420101, rs17026974, rs1921622), GATA2 (rs4857855), IKZF2 (rs12619285), FCGR2A (rs1801274), FCGR2B (rs3219018, rs1050501), FCGR3A (rs10127939, rs396991), FCER1A (rs2251746, rs2427837), FCER1B (rs1441586, rs573790, rs569108), and ZNF415 (rs1054485) genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Taqman probes. The response was analyzed after 12 months of treatment. In patients under mepolizumab treatment, a treatment response defined as a reduction in exacerbations was associated with ZNF415 rs1054485-T (p = 0.042; OR = 5.33; 95% CI = 1.06-30.02), treatment response defined as a reduction in oral corticosteroids use was associated with the number of exacerbations in the previous year (p = 0.029; OR = 3.89; 95% CI = 1.24-14.92), and treatment response defined as improvement in lung function was associated with the age at the beginning of biological therapy (p = 0.002; OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.04-1.18), FCER1B rs569108-AA (p < 0.001; OR = 171.06; 95% CI = 12.94-6264.11), and FCER1A rs2427837-A (p = 0.021; OR = 8.61; 95% CI = 1.71-76.62). On the other hand, in patients under benralizumab treatment, treatment response, defined as a reduction in exacerbations, was associated with ZNF415 rs1054485-T (p = 0.073; OR = 1.3 × 108; 95% CI = 1.8 × 10-19-NA), FCER1B rs569108-AA (p = 0.050; OR = 11.51; 95% CI = 1.19-269.78), allergies (p = 0.045; OR = 4.02; 95% CI = 1.05-16.74), and sex (p = 0.028; OR = 4.78; 95% CI = 1.22-20.63); and treatment response defined as improvement in lung function was associated with polyposis (p = 0.027; OR = 9.16; 95% CI = 1.58-91.4), IKZF2 rs12619285-AA (p = 0.019; OR = 9.1; 95% CI = 1.7-75.78), IL5 rs4143832-T (p = 0.017; OR = 11.1; 95% CI = 1.9-112.17), and FCER1B rs1441586-C (p = 0.045; OR = 7.81; 95% CI = 1.16-73.45). The results of this study show the potential influence of the studied polymorphisms on the response to mepolizumab and benralizumab and the clinical benefit that could be obtained by defining predictive biomarkers of treatment response.
| S-EPMC11311889 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease affecting over 300 million people around the world. Some asthma patients remain poorly controlled by conventional therapies and experience more life-threatening exacerbations. While patients with severe, refractory disease represent a heterogeneous group, a feature shared by most includes glucocorticoid insensitivity. We sought to characterize differences in the airway smooth muscle transcriptome response to glucocorticoids in fatal asthma vs. non-asthma donors. RNA-Seq was used to measure airway smooth muscle transcript expression differences between 9 donors with fatal asthma and 8 non-asthma donors. Cells from each donor were treated with budesonide or with vehicle control. Poly(A)-selected RNA-Seq libraries were prepared with the Illumina TruSeq method. An Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument was used to generate 125 base pair paired-end reads.
2018-12-31 | GSE94335 | GEO
Project description:The presence of eosinophilic inflammation is a characteristic feature of chronic and acute inflammation in asthma. An estimated 5%-10% of the 300 million people worldwide who suffer from asthma have a severe form. Patients with eosinophilic airway inflammation represent approximately 40%-60% of this severe asthmatic population. This form of asthma is often uncontrolled, marked by refractoriness to standard therapy, and shows persistent airway eosinophilia despite glucocorticoid therapy. This paper reviews personalized novel therapies, more specifically benralizumab, a humanized anti-IL-5Rα antibody, while also being the first to provide an algorithm for potential candidates who may benefit from anti-IL-5Rα therapy.
| S-EPMC4831605 | biostudies-literature