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Systematic review and meta-analysis: effects of maternal separation on anxiety-like behavior in rodents.

ABSTRACT: The mechanisms by which childhood maltreatment increases anxiety is unclear, but a propensity for increased defensive behavior in rodent models of early life stress (ELS) suggests that work in rodents may clarify important mechanistic details about this association. A key challenge in studying the effects of ELS on defensive behavior in rodents is the plethora of inconsistent results. This is particularly prominent with the maternal separation (MS) literature, one of the most commonly used ELS models in rodents. To address this issue we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, examining the effects of MS on exploratory-defensive behavior in mice and rats using the open field test (OFT) and the elevated plus maze (EPM). This search yielded a total of 49 studies, 24 assessing the effect of MS on behavior in the EPM, 11 tested behavior in the OFT, and 14 studies provided data on both tasks. MS was associated with increased defensive behavior in rats (EPM: Hedge's g?=?-0.48, p?=?0.02; OFT: Hedge's g?=?-0.33, p?=?0.05), effect sizes that are consistent with the anxiogenic effect of early adversity reported in humans. In contrast, MS did not alter exploratory behavior in mice (EPM: Hedge's g?=?-0.04, p?=?0.75; OFT: Hedge's g?=?-0.03, p?=?0.8). There was a considerable amount of heterogeneity between studies likely related to the lack of standardization of the MS protocol. Together, these findings suggest important differences in the ability of MS to alter circuits that regulate defensive behaviors in mice and rats.

SUBMITTER: Wang D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7264128 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Systematic review and meta-analysis: effects of maternal separation on anxiety-like behavior in rodents.

Wang Daniel D Levine Jessica L S JLS Avila-Quintero Victor V Bloch Michael M Kaffman Arie A

Translational psychiatry 20200601 1

The mechanisms by which childhood maltreatment increases anxiety is unclear, but a propensity for increased defensive behavior in rodent models of early life stress (ELS) suggests that work in rodents may clarify important mechanistic details about this association. A key challenge in studying the effects of ELS on defensive behavior in rodents is the plethora of inconsistent results. This is particularly prominent with the maternal separation (MS) literature, one of the most commonly used ELS m ...[more]

PMID: 32483128

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Project description:BackgroundExtreme labor pain has negative effects; pharmacologic analgesic modalities are effective but are accompanied by adverse effects. Virtual reality (VR) works as a distracting nonpharmacologic intervention for pain and anxiety relief; however, the effects of VR use in laboring women is unknown.ObjectiveOur study aimed to determine the safety and effectiveness of VR technology during labor and delivery and investigate whether it impacts labor and patient satisfaction.MethodsIn all, 7 databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wan-Fang Database) were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials of VR use in pregnancy and childbirth from the time of database construction until November 24, 2021. Two researchers extracted data and evaluated study quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0. Outcome measures were labor pain, anxiety, duration, satisfaction, and adverse events. Meta-analyses were performed where possible.ResultsA total of 12 studies with 1095 participants were included, of which 1 and 11 studies were rated as "Low risk" and "Some concerns" for risk of bias, respectively. Of the 12 studies, 11 reported labor pain, 7 reported labor anxiety, and 4 reported labor duration. Meta-analysis revealed that VR use could relieve pain during labor (mean difference -1.81, 95% CI -2.04 to -1.57; P<.001) and the active period (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.41, 95% CI -0.68 to -0.14; P=.003); reduce anxiety (SMD -1.39, 95% CI -1.99 to -0.78; P<.001); and improve satisfaction with delivery (relative risk 1.32, 95% CI 1.10-1.59; P=.003). The effects of VR on the duration of the first (SMD -1.12, 95% CI -2.38 to 0.13; P=.08) and second (SMD -0.22, 95% CI -0.67 to 0.24; P=.35) stages of labor were not statistically significant.ConclusionsVR is safe and effective in relieving maternal labor pain and anxiety; however, due to the heterogeneity among studies conducted to date, more rigorous, large-scale, and standardized randomized controlled trials are required to provide a higher-quality evidence base for the use of VR technology in maternal labor, with the aim of improving experience and outcomes.Trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42021295410; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=295410.

Dataset Information

Systematic review and meta-analysis: effects of maternal separation on anxiety-like behavior in rodents.

Publications

Systematic review and meta-analysis: effects of maternal separation on anxiety-like behavior in rodents.

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