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Protective mechanism of rhubarb anthraquinone glycosides in rats with cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury: interactions between medicine and intestinal flora.

ABSTRACT: Background:Anthraquinone glycosides extracted from rhubarb have been proven to have significant therapeutic effects on ischaemic stroke. It is well known that anthraquinone glycosides are not easily absorb. Thus, how can rhubarb anthraquinone glycosides (RAGs) exert protective effects on the brain? Is this protective effect related to interactions between RAGs and intestinal flora? Methods:The model used in this study was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion. Twenty-seven adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the normal group (A) (non-MCAO?+?0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na)), model group (B) (MCAO?+?0.5% CMC-Na) and medicine group (C) (MCAO?+?RAGs (15 mg/(kg day)). The rats were fed by gavage once a day for 7 days. Fresh faeces were collected from the normal group to prepare the intestinal flora incubation liquid. Add RAGs, detect the RAGs and the corresponding anthraquinone aglycones by HPLC-UV at different time points. On the 8th day, the rats were euthanized, and the colonic contents were collected and analysed by high-throughput sequencing. In addition, 12 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the normal group (D) (non-MCAO?+?RAGs (15 mg/(kg day)) and model group (E) (MCAO?+?RAGs (15 mg/(kg day)). The rats were fed by gavage immediately after reperfusion. Blood was collected from the orbital venous plexus, and the RAGs and anthraquinone aglycones were detected by HPLC-UV. Results:The abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora in rats decreased after cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). RAGs could effectively improve the abundance of the intestinal flora. In addition, in vitro metabolism studies showed that RAGs were converted into anthraquinone aglycones by intestinal flora. In the in vivo metabolism studies, RAGs could not be detected in the plasma; in contrast, the corresponding anthraquinone aglycones could be detected. Absorption of RAGs may be inhibited in rats with CIRI. Conclusions:CIRI may lead to intestinal flora disorder in rats, and after the administration of RAGs, the abundance of intestinal flora can be improved. RAGs can be metabolized into their corresponding anthraquinone aglycones by intestinal flora so that they can be absorbed into the blood.

SUBMITTER: Li Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7275394 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Protective mechanism of rhubarb anthraquinone glycosides in rats with cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury: interactions between medicine and intestinal flora.

Li Qiuying Q Guo Ying Y Yu Xiahui X Liu Wenhong W Zhou Liping L

Chinese medicine 20200605

<h4>Background</h4>Anthraquinone glycosides extracted from rhubarb have been proven to have significant therapeutic effects on ischaemic stroke. It is well known that anthraquinone glycosides are not easily absorb. Thus, how can rhubarb anthraquinone glycosides (RAGs) exert protective effects on the brain? Is this protective effect related to interactions between RAGs and intestinal flora?<h4>Methods</h4>The model used in this study was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and ...[more]

PMID: 32518585

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Project description:BackgroundRhubarb is an important Chinese medicinal herb with a long history of over 2000 years and has been commonly used as a laxative. It is the radix and rhizome of Rheum officinale Baill., R. palmatum L. and R. tanguticum Maxim, all of which are mainly distributed in a broad region in the Tibetan plateau. Anthraquinone glycosides are a series of major active ingredients found in all three species. They are key intermediates in the anthraquinone secondary metabolism and the sennnoside biosynthesis. The variation of the anthraquinone glycoside content in rhubarb in response to specific factors remains an attractive topic.ResultsA simple and sensitive Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photo-Diode Array (UPLC-PDA) detector was developed for the simultaneous determination of six anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb, i.e., aloeemodin-8-O-glucoside, rhein-8-O-glucoside, chrysophanol-1-O-glucoside, emodin-1-O-glucoside, chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside, emodin-8-O-glucoside. Twenty-seven batches from three species were submitted to the multi-component analysis. The results showed that the anthraquinone glycoside content varied significantly even within the same species. The results showed that the anthraquinone glycoside content varied significantly within the same species but not between different species. The PCA and content analysis results confirmed that the plant species has no obvious effect on the content variation. Neither was any significant correlation observed between the anthraquinone glycoside content and the geographic distribution of the rhubarb. Through correlational analysis, altitude was found to be the main factor that affects the anthraquinone glycoside content in rhubarb. Rhubarb grown at higher altitude has higher anthraquinone glycoside content.ConclusionsThis work provides a rapid, sensitive and accurate UPLC-PDA method for the simultaneous determination of six anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb. The anthraquinone glycoside content varied significantly within the same species. The relationship of the anthraquinone glycoside content with plant species, geographic distribution and altitude were studied using correlational analysis, principal component analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis through SPSS and ArcGIS. Plant species and geographic distribution were found not to affect the content of the six anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb. The variations in the anthraquinone glycoside content were primarily due to the different altitude where the plant was grown.

Dataset Information

Protective mechanism of rhubarb anthraquinone glycosides in rats with cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury: interactions between medicine and intestinal flora.

Publications

Protective mechanism of rhubarb anthraquinone glycosides in rats with cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury: interactions between medicine and intestinal flora.

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