Dataset Information

Acute appendicitis is associated with appendiceal microbiome changes including elevated Campylobacter jejuni levels.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:To compare the appendiceal microbiomes and examine the prevalence of Campylobacter species in the appendices of adult subjects with confirmed acute non-perforated appendicitis and controls with healthy appendices. DESIGN:Archived samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded appendiceal tissues were obtained from 50 consecutive female subjects who underwent appendectomy for acute, non-perforated appendicitis, and 35 consecutive female controls who underwent incidental appendectomy during gynaecological surgery. RESULTS:16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the relative abundances (RAs) of the major phyla in appendiceal tissues (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria) were similar in both groups. Beta diversity was significantly different due to differences in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria (p<0.0001). Within Proteobacteria, RAs of classes Alphaproteobacteria (~21%, fold change (FC)=1.31, false discovery rate (FDR) p value=0.03) and Epsilonproteobacteria (~1%, FC=0.25, FDR p value>0.05) were increased in acute appendicitis samples. RAs of unknown genera from families Burkholderiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were decreased in appendicitis samples, and 14 genera were increased, including Neisseria, Acinetobacter and Campylobacter. Quantitative PCR revealed that levels of Campylobacter jejuni DNA, but not other Campylobacter species or pathogens tested, were significantly higher in appendicitis samples than in controls (p=0.013). Using a cut-off of 0.31?pg/µL, 40% of appendicitis cases and 6% of controls were positive for C. jejuni, indicating specificity of 93.7% (95% Cl 79.2 to 99.2), sensitivity of 40.9% (95% Cl 24.7 to 54.5), and OR of 10.38 (Fisher's p value=0.0006, 95%?Cl 2.3 to 47.4). CONCLUSIONS:Our findings indicate that Campylobacter jejuni may be a significant cause of acute appendicitis. This supports earlier studies and suggests that targeted antibiotic therapies could be an alternative treatment for a subset of non-complicated acute appendicitis cases.

SUBMITTER: Oh SJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7279619 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Acute appendicitis is associated with appendiceal microbiome changes including elevated <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> levels.

Oh Sun Jung SJ Pimentel Maya M Leite Gabriela G S GGS Celly Shreya S Villanueva-Millan Maria Jesus MJ Lacsina Isabela I Chuang Brennan B Parodi Gonzalo G Morales Walter W Weitsman Stacy S Singer-Englar Tahli T Barlow Gillian M GM Zhai Jing J Pichestshote Nipaporn N Rezaie Ali A Mathur Ruchi R Pimentel Mark M

BMJ open gastroenterology 20200601 1

<h4>Objectives</h4>To compare the appendiceal microbiomes and examine the prevalence of <i>Campylobacter</i> species in the appendices of adult subjects with confirmed acute non-perforated appendicitis and controls with healthy appendices.<h4>Design</h4>Archived samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded appendiceal tissues were obtained from 50 consecutive female subjects who underwent appendectomy for acute, non-perforated appendicitis, and 35 consecutive female controls who underwent inciden ...[more]

PMID: 32499276

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Project description:BackgroundWater serves as a potential reservoir for Campylobacter, the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. However, little is understood about the mechanisms underlying variations in survival characteristics between different strains of C. jejuni in natural environments, including water.ResultsWe identified three Campylobacter jejuni strains that exhibited variability in their ability to retain culturability after suspension in tap water at two different temperatures (4°C and 25°C). Of the three, strains C. jejuni M1 exhibited the most rapid loss of culturability whilst retaining viability. Using RNAseq transcriptomics, we characterised C. jejuni M1 gene expression in response to suspension in water by analyzing bacterial suspensions recovered immediately after introduction into water (Time 0), and from two sampling time/temperature combinations where considerable loss of culturability was evident, namely (i) after 24 h at 25°C, and (ii) after 72 h at 4°C. Transcript data were compared with a culture-grown control. Some gene expression characteristics were shared amongst the three populations recovered from water, with more genes being up-regulated than down. Many of the up-regulated genes were identified in the Time 0 sample, whereas the majority of down-regulated genes occurred in the 25°C (24 h) sample.ConclusionsVariations in expression were found amongst genes associated with oxygen tolerance, starvation and osmotic stress. However, we also found upregulation of flagellar assembly genes, accompanied by down-regulation of genes involved in chemotaxis. Our data also suggested a switch from secretion via the sec system to via the tat system, and that the quorum sensing gene luxS may be implicated in the survival of strain M1 in water. Variations in gene expression also occurred in accessory genome regions. Our data suggest that despite the loss of culturability, C. jejuni M1 remains viable and adapts via specific changes in gene expression.

Dataset Information

Acute appendicitis is associated with appendiceal microbiome changes including elevated Campylobacter jejuni levels.

Publications

Acute appendicitis is associated with appendiceal microbiome changes including elevated <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> levels.

Similar Datasets

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