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Vitamin D's Effect on Immune Function.

ABSTRACT: Ever since its discovery by Windhaus, the importance of the active metabolite of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1,25-(OH)2D3) has been ever expanding. In this review, the attention is shifted towards the importance of the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D, with special emphasis on the immune system. The first hint of the significant role of vitamin D on the immune system was made by the discovery of the presence of the vitamin D receptor on almost all cells of the immune system. In vitro, the overwhelming effect of supra-physiological doses of vitamin D on the individual components of the immune system is very clear. Despite these promising pre-clinical results, the translation of the in vitro observations to solid clinical effects has mostly failed. Nevertheless, the evidence of a link between vitamin D deficiency and adverse outcomes is overwhelming and clearly points towards avoidance of vitamin D deficiency especially in early life.

SUBMITTER: Martens PJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7281985 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Vitamin D's Effect on Immune Function.

Martens Pieter-Jan PJ Gysemans Conny C Verstuyf Annemieke A Mathieu And Chantal AC

Nutrients 20200428 5

Ever since its discovery by Windhaus, the importance of the active metabolite of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>; 1,25-(OH)2D<sub>3</sub>) has been ever expanding. In this review, the attention is shifted towards the importance of the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D, with special emphasis on the immune system. The first hint of the significant role of vitamin D on the immune system was made by the discovery of the presence of the vitamin D receptor on almost all cells of the i ...[more]

PMID: 32353972

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| S-EPMC6073257 | biostudies-literature

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Negative effect of vitamin D on kidney function: a Mendelian randomization study.

Project description:BackgroundThe kidney plays a central role in the regulation of vitamin D metabolism. It is not clear, however, whether vitamin D influences kidney function. Previous studies have reported conflicting results, which may have been influenced by reverse causation and residual confounding. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to obtain unconfounded estimates of the association between genetically instrumented vitamin D metabolites and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as well as the urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR).MethodsWe performed a two-sample MR study based on three single nucleotide variants associated with 25(OH)D levels: rs2282679, rs10741657 and rs12785878, related to the genes GC, CYP2R1 and DHCR7, respectively. Estimates of the allele-dependent effects on serum 25(OH)D and eGFR/UACR were obtained from summary statistics of published genome-wide association meta-analyses. Additionally, we performed a one-sample MR analysis for both 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D using individual-level data from six cohorts.ResultsThe combined MR estimate supported a negative causal effect of log transformed 25(OH)D on log transformed eGFR (β = -0.013, P = 0.003). The analysis of individual-level data confirmed the main findings and also revealed a significant association of 1,25(OH)2 D on eGFR (β = -0.094, P = 0.008). These results show that a 10% increase in serum 25(OH)D levels causes a 0.3% decrease in eGFR. There was no effect of 25(OH)D on UACR (β = 0.032, P = 0.265).ConclusionOur study suggests that circulating vitamin D metabolite levels are negatively associated with eGFR. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

| S-EPMC6275146 | biostudies-literature

Effect of vitamin D and inhaled corticosteroid treatment on lung function in children.

Project description:RationaleLow vitamin D levels are associated with asthma and decreased airway responsiveness. Treatment with inhaled corticosteroids improves airway responsiveness and asthma control.ObjectivesTo assess the effect of vitamin D levels on prebronchodilator FEV(1), bronchodilator response, and responsiveness to methacholine (PC(20), provocative concentration of methacholine producing a 20% decline in FEV(1)) in patients with asthma treated with inhaled corticosteroids.MethodsWe measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in the serum of children with persistent asthma at the time of enrollment in the Childhood Asthma Management Program. We divided subjects into the vitamin D sufficiency (>30 ng/ml), insufficiency (20-30 ng/ml), and deficiency (<20 ng/ml) groups. Covariates included age, treatment, sex, body mass index, race, history of emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and season that vitamin D specimen was drawn. Our main outcome measures were change in prebronchodilator FEV(1), bronchodilator response, and PC(20) from enrollment to 8-12 months.Measurements and main resultsOf the 1,024 subjects, 663 (65%) were vitamin D sufficient, 260 (25%) were insufficient, and 101 (10%) were deficient. Vitamin D-deficient subjects were more likely to be older, African American, and have a higher body mass index compared with the vitamin D-sufficient and insufficient subjects. In the inhaled corticosteroid treatment group, prebronchodilator FEV(1) increased from randomization to 12 months by 140 ml in the vitamin D-deficient group and prebronchodilator FEV(1) increased by 330 ml in the vitamin D insufficiency group and by 290 ml in the vitamin D sufficiency group (P = 0.0072), in adjusted models.ConclusionsIn children with asthma treated with inhaled corticosteroids, vitamin D deficiency is associated with poorer lung function than in children with vitamin D insufficiency or sufficiency.

| S-EPMC3480528 | biostudies-literature

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