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Isolation and culture of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages for nitric oxide and redox biology.

ABSTRACT: Macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes derived from haematopoietic progenitors that are widely distributed throughout the body. These cells participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses and lie central to the processes of inflammation, development, and homeostasis. Macrophage physiology varies depending on the environment in which they reside and they exhibit rapid functional adaption in response to external stimuli. To study macrophages in vitro, cells are typically cultured ex vivo from the peritoneum or alveoli, or differentiated from myeloid bone marrow progenitor cells to form bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). BMDMs represent an efficient and cost-effective means of studying macrophage biology. However, the inherent sensitivity of macrophages to biochemical stimuli (such as cytokines, metabolic intermediates, and RNS/ROS) makes it imperative to control experimental conditions rigorously. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish an optimised and standardised method for the isolation and culture of BMDMs. We used classically activated macrophages isolated from WT and nitric oxide (NO)-deficient mice to develop a standardised culture method, whereby the constituents of the culture media are defined. We then methodically compared our standardised protocol to the most commonly used method of BMDM culture to establish an optimal protocol for the study of nitric oxide (NO)-redox biology and immunometabolism in vitro.

SUBMITTER: Bailey JD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7284309 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Carnosine modulates nitric oxide in stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages.

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Nitric Oxide Modulates Postnatal Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration.

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DIA label-free proteomic analysis of murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages.

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Identification, characterization, and isolation of a common progenitor for osteoclasts, macrophages, and dendritic cells from murine bone marrow and periphery.

Project description:Osteoclasts are specialized bone-resorbing cells that derive from monocyte precursors. We have identified three populations of cells with high osteoclastogenic potential in murine bone marrow, which expressed the phenotype B220(-) CD3(-) CD11b(-/low) CD115(+) and either CD117(hi), CD117(intermediate), or CD117(low). We have evaluated these populations for their ability to also generate macrophages and dendritic cells. At a single-cell level, the population expressing higher CD117 levels was able to generate bone-resorbing osteoclasts, phagocytic macrophages, and antigen-presenting dendritic cells in vitro with efficiencies of more than 90%, indicating that there exists a common developmental pathway for these cell types. Cells with osteoclastogenic potential also exist in blood and peripheral hematopoietic organs. Their functional meaning and/or their relationship with bone marrow progenitors is not well established. Hence, we characterized murine peripheral cell populations for their ability to form osteoclasts, macrophages, and dendritic cells in vitro. The spleen and peripheral blood monocyte progenitors share phenotypic markers with bone marrow progenitors but differ in their expression of CD11b, which was low in bone marrow but high in periphery. We propose that circulating monocyte progenitors are derived from a common bone marrow osteoclasts/macrophage/dendritic cell progenitor (OcMDC), which we have now characterized at a clonal level. However, the lineage relationship between the bone marrow and peripheral monocyte progenitors has yet to be defined.

| S-EPMC3625454 | biostudies-literature

Data on nitric oxide production by human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.

Project description:Due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive potential, Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous radical, is of special importance during graft-versus-host diseases (GVHD) and feoto-maternal tolerance. NO is a major mediator of murine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-immunosuppressive capacity. In this data article, we characterized NO production by human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBMSCs). MSCs, isolated from healthy donors (n=5), were defined according to the International Society for cellular Therapy (ISCT) guidelines. Based on a fluorometric detection system, and upon using Nitrite ([Formula: see text])/Nitrate ( [Formula: see text]) Assay Kit, the amounts of NO metabolites ( [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) produced by hBMSCs, being grown in a culture medium either lacking (constitutive condition) or containing IL-4, IL-10 or a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail made of IL-1?, TNF-?, IFN-? and IFN-?, were assessed. All assays were carried out in triplicates and the mean values are reported. The data from this study supports and corroborates the discussion associated with our previously published work entitled "The Immunomodulatory Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Story of a Regulatory Network" (Najar et al., 2016) [1].

| S-EPMC4976668 | biostudies-literature

Nitric oxide and redox regulation in the liver: part II. Redox biology in pathologic hepatocytes and implications for intervention.

Project description:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are created in normal hepatocytes and are critical for normal physiologic processes, including oxidative respiration, growth, regeneration, apoptosis, and microsomal defense. When the levels of oxidation products exceed the capacity of normal antioxidant systems, oxidative stress occurs. This type of stress, in the form of ROS and RNS, can be damaging to all liver cells, including hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, stellate cells, and endothelial cells, through induction of inflammation, ischemia, fibrosis, necrosis, apoptosis, or through malignant transformation by damaging lipids, proteins, and/or DNA. In Part I of this review, we will discuss basic redox biology in the liver, including a review of ROS, RNS, and antioxidants, with a focus on nitric oxide as a common source of RNS. We will then review the evidence for oxidative stress as a mechanism of liver injury in hepatitis (alcoholic, viral, nonalcoholic). In Part II of this review, we will review oxidative stress in common pathophysiologic conditions, including ischemia/reperfusion injury, fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, iron overload, Wilson's disease, sepsis, and acetaminophen overdose. Finally, biomarkers, proteomic, and antioxidant therapies will be discussed as areas for future therapeutic interventions.

| S-EPMC2907433 | biostudies-literature

Regulation of phagosomal iron release from murine macrophages by nitric oxide.

Project description:The role of NO in macrophage iron turnover was studied in macrophages from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-deficient mice. Interferon gamma/lipopolysaccharide (IFNgamma/LPS)-activated bone marrow-derived macrophages from iNOS-deficient mice, following phagocytosis of 59Fe-labelled transferrin-anti-transferrin immune complexes, showed reduced iron release compared with cells from wild-type iNOS littermates. Uptake of the complexes by macrophages was similar in iNOS-deficient and wild-type mice. Ferritin was up-regulated by IFNgamma/LPS treatment, but NO exercised a modest opposing down-regulatory effect. No effect of iNOS deficiency was seen when iron was taken up from iron citrate, which enters via a non-phagocytic route. These results suggest that NO plays a key role in regulating iron turnover in macrophages acquiring iron by phagocytosis of erythrocytes or cell debris, and thus the supply to peripheral tissues, such as to the bone marrow for erythropoiesis.

| S-EPMC1222663 | biostudies-other

Nitric oxide modulates metabolic remodelling and immunometabolism in inflammatory murine macrophages

Project description:Classical stimulation of macrophages (MLPS/IFNγ) elicits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), generating large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) and inhibiting respiration. Consequent upregulation of glycolysis and a disrupted tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle underpin this switch to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Here we show that the NOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) modulates key aspects of metabolic remodelling in activated bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) via NO production. Using two complementary mouse models that each lack the capacity for inducible NO generation, through different mechanisms, we reveal that NO regulates macrophage respiratory function via changes in the abundance of critical N-module subunits in Complex I, by HIF1α-mediated glycolytic remodelling, and by modulating levels of the critical TCA cycle metabolites, and inflammatory mediators, citrate, succinate, and itaconate. Taken together, our findings reveal new critical roles for iNOS-derived NO that are required for metabolic remodelling and cytokine production in macrophage inflammatory responses.

2019-05-31 | PXD010628 | Pride

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