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Occupational Pesticide Use and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Agricultural Health Study.

ABSTRACT: Background:Agricultural work and occupational pesticide use have been associated with increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most common form of kidney cancer. However, few prospective studies have investigated links to specific pesticides.Objective:We evaluated the lifetime use of individual pesticides and the incidence of RCC.Methods:We evaluated the associations between intensity-weighted lifetime days (IWDs) of 38 pesticides and incident RCC in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. Among 55,873 applicators, 308 cases were diagnosed between enrollment (1993–1997) and the end of follow-up (2014–2015). We estimated incidence rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Poisson regression, controlling for potential confounding factors, with lagged and unlagged pesticide exposures.Results:There was a statistically significant increased risk of RCC among the highest users of 2,4,5-T compared with never users [unlagged RRIWD Tertile?3=2.92 (95% CI: 1.65, 5.17; ptrend=0.001)], with similar risk estimates for lagged exposure [20-y lag RRIWD Tertile?3=3.37 (95% CI: 1.83, 6.22; ptrend=0.001)]. In 20-y lagged analyses, we also found exposure–response associations with chlorpyrifos [RRIWD Quartile?4=1.68 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.70; ptrend=0.01)], chlordane [RRIWD Tertile?3=2.06 (95% CI: 1.10, 3.87; ptrend=0.02)], atrazine [RRIWD Quartile?4=1.43 (95% CI: 1.00, 2.03; ptrend=0.02)], cyanazine [RRIWD Quartile?4=1.61 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.50; ptrend=0.02)], and paraquat [RRIWD>Median=1.95 (95% CI: 1.03, 3.70; ptrend=0.04)].Conclusions:This is, to our knowledge, the first prospective study to evaluate RCC risk in relation to various pesticides. We found evidence of associations with RCC for four herbicides (2,4,5-T, atrazine, cyanazine, and paraquat) and two insecticides (chlorpyrifos and chlordane). Our findings provide insights into specific chemicals that may influence RCC risk among pesticide applicators. Confirmation of these findings and investigations of the biologic plausibility and potential mechanisms underlying the observed associations are warranted. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6334

SUBMITTER: Andreotti G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7292387 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundThough evidence suggests that some pesticides may have thyroid-disrupting properties, prospective studies of associations between specific pesticides and incident thyroid disease are limited.ObjectiveWe evaluated associations between use of specific pesticides and incident hypothyroidism in private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS).MethodsSelf-reported incident hypothyroidism ([Formula: see text] cases) was studied in relation to ever-use and intensity-weighted cumulative days of pesticide use at study enrollment. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox proportional hazards models applied to 35,150 male and female applicators followed over 20 y. All models were stratified by state and education to meet proportional hazards assumptions ([Formula: see text] for age x covariate interactions). Models of pesticides that did not meet proportional hazards assumptions were stratified by median attained age (62 y).ResultsHypothyroidism risk was significantly increased with ever- vs. never-use of four organochlorine insecticides (aldrin, heptachlor, and lindane among participants with attained age [Formula: see text]; chlordane in all participants), four organophosphate insecticides (coumaphos in those [Formula: see text]; diazinon, dichlorvos, and malathion in all participants) and three herbicides (dicamba, glyphosate, and 2,4-D in all participants). HRs ranged from 1.21; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.41 (chlordane) to 1.54; 95% CI: 1.23, 19.4 (lindane in those [Formula: see text]). Hypothyroidism risk was greatest among those with higher intensity-weighted lifetime days of using chlordane, lindane, coumaphos (over age 62), diazinon, permethrin, and 2,4-D.ConclusionsOur findings support associations between exposure to several pesticides and increased hypothyroidism risk. These findings are generally consistent with prior analyses of prevalent hypothyroidism in the AHS. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3194.

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Occupational Pesticide Use and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Agricultural Health Study.

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