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The TNF/TNFR2 signaling pathway is a key regulatory factor in endothelial progenitor cell immunosuppressive effect.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are non-differentiated endothelial cells (ECs) present in blood circulation that are involved in neo-vascularization and correction of damaged endothelial sites. Since EPCs from patients with vascular disorders are impaired and inefficient, allogenic sources from adult or cord blood are considered as good alternatives. However, due to the reaction of immune system against allogenic cells which usually lead to their elimination, we focused on the exact role of EPCs on immune cells, particularly, T cells which are the most important cells applied in immune rejection. TNF? is one of the main activators of EPCs that recognizes two distinct receptors. TNFR1 is expressed ubiquitously and its interaction with TNF? leads to differentiation and apoptosis, whereas, TNFR2 is expressed predominantly on ECs, immune cells and neural cells and is involved in cell survival and proliferation. Interestingly, it has been shown that different immunosuppressive cells express TNFR2 and this is directly related to their immunosuppressive efficiency. However, little is known about immunological profile and function of TNFR2 in EPCs. METHODS:Using different in-vitro combinations, we performed co-cultures of ECs and T cells to investigate the immunological effect of EPCs on T cells. We interrupted in the TNF?/TNFR2 axis either by blocking the receptor using TNFR2 antagonist or blocking the ligand using T cells derived from TNF? KO mice. RESULTS:We demonstrated that EPCs are able to suppress T cell proliferation and modulate them towards less pro-inflammatory and active phenotypes. Moreover, we showed that TNF?/TNFR2 immune-checkpoint pathway is critical in EPC immunomodulatory effect. CONCLUSIONS:Our results reveal for the first time a mechanism that EPCs use to suppress immune cells, therefore, enabling them to form new immunosuppressive vessels. Furthermore, we have shown the importance of TNF?/TNFR2 axis in EPCs as an immune checkpoint pathway. We believe that targeting TNFR2 is especially crucial in cancer immune therapy since it controls two crucial aspects of tumor microenvironment: 1) Immunosuppression and 2) Angiogenesis. Video Abstract. (MP4 46355 kb).

SUBMITTER: Naserian S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7298859 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The TNF/TNFR2 signaling pathway is a key regulatory factor in endothelial progenitor cell immunosuppressive effect.

Naserian Sina S Abdelgawad Mohamed Essameldin ME Afshar Bakshloo Mazdak M Ha Guillaume G Arouche Nassim N Cohen José L JL Salomon Benoît L BL Uzan Georges G

Cell communication and signaling : CCS 20200616 1

<h4>Background</h4>Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are non-differentiated endothelial cells (ECs) present in blood circulation that are involved in neo-vascularization and correction of damaged endothelial sites. Since EPCs from patients with vascular disorders are impaired and inefficient, allogenic sources from adult or cord blood are considered as good alternatives. However, due to the reaction of immune system against allogenic cells which usually lead to their elimination, we focused on ...[more]

PMID: 32546175

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Project description:BackgroundBone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are immature endothelial cells (ECs) involved in neo-angiogenesis and endothelial homeostasis and are considered as a circulating reservoir for endothelial repair. Many studies showed that EPCs from patients with cardiovascular pathologies are impaired and insufficient; hence, allogenic sources of EPCs from adult or cord blood are considered as good choices for cell therapy applications. However, allogenic condition increases the chance of immune rejection, especially by T cells, before exerting the desired regenerative functions. TNF? is one of the main mediators of EPC activation that recognizes two distinct receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. We have recently reported that human EPCs are immunosuppressive and this effect was TNF?-TNFR2 dependent. Here, we aimed to investigate if an adequate TNF? pre-conditioning could increase TNFR2 expression and prime EPCs towards more immunoregulatory functions.MethodsEPCs were pre-treated with several doses of TNF? to find the proper dose to up-regulate TNFR2 while keeping the TNFR1 expression stable. Then, co-cultures of human EPCs and human T cells were performed to assess whether TNF? priming would increase EPC immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory effect.ResultsTreating EPCs with 1 ng/ml TNF? significantly up-regulated TNFR2 expression without unrestrained increase of TNFR1 and other endothelial injury markers. Moreover, TNF? priming through its interaction with TNFR2 remarkably enhanced EPC immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. Conversely, blocking TNFR2 using anti-TNFR2 mAb followed by 1 ng/ml of TNF? treatment led to the TNF?-TNFR1 interaction and polarized EPCs towards pro-inflammatory and immunogenic functions.ConclusionsWe report for the first time the crucial impact of inflammation notably the TNF?-TNFR signaling pathway on EPC immunological function. Our work unveils the pro-inflammatory role of the TNF?-TNFR1 axis and, inversely the anti-inflammatory implication of the TNF?-TNFR2 axis in EPC immunoregulatory functions. Priming EPCs with 1 ng/ml of TNF? prior to their administration could boost them toward a more immunosuppressive phenotype. This could potentially lead to EPCs' longer presence in vivo after their allogenic administration resulting in their better contribution to angiogenesis and vascular regeneration. Video Abstract.

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The TNF/TNFR2 signaling pathway is a key regulatory factor in endothelial progenitor cell immunosuppressive effect.

Publications

The TNF/TNFR2 signaling pathway is a key regulatory factor in endothelial progenitor cell immunosuppressive effect.

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