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Transcriptome analysis of the brain provides insights into the regulatory mechanism for Coilia nasus migration.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Coilia nasus (C. nasus) is an important anadromous fish species that resides in the Yangtze River of China, and has high ecological and economical value. However, wild resources have suffered from a serious reduction in population, attributed to the over-construction of water conservancy projects, overfishing, and environmental pollution. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China has issued a notice banning the commercial fishing of wild C. nasus in the Yangtze River. Wild C. nasus populations urgently need to recover. A better understanding of C. nasus migration patterns is necessary to maximize the efficiency of conservation efforts. Juvenile C. nasus experience a simultaneous effect of increasing salinity and cold stress during seaward migration, and the brain plays a comprehensive regulatory role during this process. Therefore, to explore the early seaward migration regulation mechanism of juvenile C. nasus, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis on the brain of juvenile C. nasus under salinity and cold stress simultaneously. RESULTS:Relevant neurotransmitters, receptors, and regulatory proteins from three categories of regulatory pathway play synergistic regulatory roles during the migration process: neuronal signaling, the sensory system, and environmental adaptation. The significant differential expression of growth-related hormones, thyroid receptors, haptoglobin, and prolactin receptors was similar to the results of relevant research on salmonids and steelhead trout. CONCLUSIONS:This study revealed a regulatory network that the brain of juvenile C. nasus constructs during migration, thereby providing basic knowledge on further studies could build on. This study also revealed key regulatory genes similar to salmonids and steelhead trout, thus, this study will lay a theoretical foundation for further study on migration regulation mechanism of anadromous fish species.

SUBMITTER: Wang M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7302372 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcriptome analysis of the brain provides insights into the regulatory mechanism for Coilia nasus migration.

Wang Meiyao M Xu Gangchun G Tang Yongkai Y Xu Pao P

BMC genomics 20200618 1

<h4>Background</h4>Coilia nasus (C. nasus) is an important anadromous fish species that resides in the Yangtze River of China, and has high ecological and economical value. However, wild resources have suffered from a serious reduction in population, attributed to the over-construction of water conservancy projects, overfishing, and environmental pollution. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China has issued a notice banning the commercial fishing of wild C ...[more]

PMID: 32552858

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Project description:BackgroundThe estuarine tapertail anchovy (Coilia nasus) is widely distributed in the Yangtze River, the coastal waters of China, Korea, and the Ariake Sound of Japan. It is a commercially important species owing to its nutritional value and delicate flavor. However, Coilia nasus is strongly responsive to stress, this often results in death, which causes huge losses. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing technologies to study changes in gene expression in response to loading stress and the mechanism of death caused by loading stress in Coilia nasus.ResultsUsing next-generation RNA-seq technologies on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, we assembled a de novo transcriptome and tested for differential expression in response to stress. A total of 65,129 unigenes were generated, the mean unigene size and N50 were 607 bp and 813 bp, respectively. Of the assembled unigenes, we identified 2,990 genes that were significantly up-regulated, while 3,416 genes were significantly down-regulated in response to loading stress. Pathway enrichment analysis based on loading stress-responsive unigenes identified significantly stress related pathways. "Metabolism" and "immunity" were the two most frequently represented categories. In the "metabolism" category, "glucose metabolism" and "lipid metabolism" were major subclasses. The transcriptional expression of rate-limiting enzymes in "glucose metabolism" and "lipid metabolism" was detected by RT-qPCR, all were significantly increased after stress. Apoptosis associated proteins tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), caspase 9, cytochrome c and caspase 3 in the stress group were significantly elevated, moreover, liver injury indicators (Alanine aminotransferase, ALT, and aspartate transaminase, AST) were also significantly elevated, which indicates that loading stress induced liver injury.ConclusionThis study provided abundant unigenes that could contribute greatly to the discovery of novel genes in fish. The alterations in predicted gene expression patterns reflected possible responses to stress. Loading stress may induce liver injury through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, which was activated by TNF-α. Taken together, our data not only provide information that will aid the identification of novel genes from fish, but also shed new light on the understanding of mechanisms by which physical stressors cause death in fish.

Project description:BackgroundCoilia nasus is an important anadromous fish, widely distributed in China, Japan, and Korea. Based on morphological and ecological researches of C. nasus, two ecotypes were identified. One is the anadromous population (AP). The sexually mature fish run thousands of kilometers from marine to river for spawning. Another one is the resident population which cannot migrate. Based on their different habitats, they were classified into landlocked population (LP) and sea population (SP) which were resident in the freshwater lake and marine during the entire lifetime, respectively. However, they have never been systematically studied. Moreover, C. nasus is declining sharply due to overfishing and pollution recently. Therefore, further understandings of C. nasus populations are needed for germplasm protection.ResultsWhole-genome resequencing of AP, LP, and SP were performed to enrich the understanding of different populations of C. nasus. At the genome level, 3,176,204, 3,307,069, and 3,207,906 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1,892,068, 2,002,912, and 1,922,168 insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) were generated in AP, LP, and SP, respectively. Selective sweeping analysis showed that 1022 genes were selected in AP vs LP; 983 genes were selected in LP vs SP; 116 genes were selected in AP vs SP. Among them, selected genes related to immune, vision, migration, and osmoregulation were identified. Furthermore, their expression profiles were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Expression levels of selected genes related to immune, and vision in LP were significantly lower than AP and SP. Selected genes related to migration in AP were expressed significantly more highly than LP. Expression levels of selected genes related to osmoregulation were also detected. The expression of NKAα and NKCC1 in LP were significantly lower than SP, while expression of NCC, SLC4A4, NHE3, and V-ATPase in LP was significantly higher than SP.ConclusionsCombined to life history of C. nasus populations, our results revealed that the molecular mechanisms of their differences of immune, vision, migration, and osmoregulation. Our findings will provide a further understanding of different populations of C. nasus and will be beneficial for wild C. nasus protection.

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Transcriptome analysis of the brain provides insights into the regulatory mechanism for Coilia nasus migration.

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Transcriptome analysis of the brain provides insights into the regulatory mechanism for Coilia nasus migration.

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