Dataset Information

Reduced Fecal Calprotectin and Inflammation in a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis Following Probiotic Treatment.

ABSTRACT: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases with inflammation, chronic relapses, and intense pruritus. Its pathogenesis includes genetic susceptibility, an abnormal epidermal lipid barrier, and an increased production of IgE due to immune dysregulation. Recently, AD has been reported to be associated with intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis in human and murine models. Various probiotics are being used to control intestinal dysbiosis and inflammatory reactions. However, it is difficult to predict or determine the therapeutic effects of the probiotics, since it is rare for clinicians to use the probiotics alone to treat AD. It is also difficult to check whether the intestinal inflammation in patients with AD has improved since probiotic treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine whether mice with induced atopic dermatitis had any changes in fecal calprotectin, an indicator of intestinal inflammation, after probiotic administration. Our results showed that the fecal calprotectin levels in mice with induced dermatitis decreased significantly after the administration of probiotics. In addition, epidermal skin lesions were attenuated and inflammatory-related cytokines were downregulated after the administration of probiotics in mice with induced dermatitis. These results suggest that changes in fecal calprotectin levels could be used to assess the effectiveness of a probiotic strain as an adjuvant treatment for AD.

SUBMITTER: Kim MJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7312066 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reduced Fecal Calprotectin and Inflammation in a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis Following Probiotic Treatment.

Kim Myoung-Ju MJ Kim Ji-Young JY Kang Minje M Won Moo-Ho MH Hong Seok-Ho SH Her Young Y

International journal of molecular sciences 20200531 11

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases with inflammation, chronic relapses, and intense pruritus. Its pathogenesis includes genetic susceptibility, an abnormal epidermal lipid barrier, and an increased production of IgE due to immune dysregulation. Recently, AD has been reported to be associated with intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis in human and murine models. Various probiotics are being used to control intestinal dysbiosis and inflammatory reactions. However, it is ...[more]

PMID: 32486523

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Project description:Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is one of the most common skin diseases and is characterized by allergic skin inflammation, redness, and itchiness and is associated with a hyperactivated type 2 immune response. The leading causes of AD include an imbalance in the immune system, genetic predisposition, or environmental factors, making the development of effective pharmacotherapies complex. Steroids are widely used to treat AD; however, they provide limited efficacy in the long term and can lead to adverse effects. Thus, novel treatments that offer durable efficacy and fewer side effects are urgently needed. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Huangbai Liniment (HB), a traditional Chinese medicine, using an experimental AD mouse model, following our clinical observations of AD patients. In both AD patient and the mouse disease model, HB significantly improved the disease condition. Specifically, patients who received HB treatment on local skin lesions (3-4 times/day) showed improved resolution of inflammation. Using the 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD model in BALB/c mice, we observed that HB profoundly alleviated severe skin inflammation and relieved the itching. The dermatopathological results showed markedly reversed skin inflammation with decreased epidermal thickness and overall cellularity. Correspondingly, HB treatment largely decreased the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-13, associated with declined gene expression of IL-33, ST2, and GATA3, which are connected to the type 2 immune response. In addition, HB restored immune tolerance by promoting regulatory T (TREG) cells and inhibiting the generation of TH1, TH2, and TH17 cells in vitro and in the DNCB-induced AD mouse model. For the first time, we demonstrate that HB markedly mitigates skin inflammation in AD patients and the DNCB-induced AD mouse model by reinvigorating the T cell immune balance, shedding light on the future development and application of novel HB-based therapeutics for AD.

Project description:Perinatal probiotic ingestion has been shown to prevent atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy in a number of randomised trials. The Probiotics in the Prevention of Allergy among Children in Trondheim (ProPACT) trial involved a probiotic supplementation regime given solely to mothers in the perinatal period and demonstrated a ~40% relative risk reduction in the cumulative incidence of AD at 2 years of age. However, the mechanisms behind this effect are incompletely understood. Micro-RNAs (miRNA) are abundant in mammalian milk and may influence the developing gastrointestinal and immune systems of newborn infants. The objectives of this study were to describe the miRNA profile of human breast milk, and to investigate breast milk miRNAs as possible mediators of the observed preventative effect of probiotics.Small RNA sequencing was conducted on samples collected 3 months postpartum from 54 women participating in the ProPACT trial. Differential expression of miRNA was assessed for the probiotic vs placebo and AD vs non-AD groups. The results were further analysed using functional prediction techniques.Human breast milk samples contain a relatively stable core group of highly expressed miRNAs, including miR-148a-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-30d-5p, let-7b-5p and miR-200a-3p. Functional analysis of these miRNAs revealed enrichment in a broad range of biological processes and molecular functions. Although several miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed on comparison of the probiotic vs placebo and AD vs non-AD groups, none had an acceptable false discovery rate and their biological significance in the development of AD is not immediately apparent from their predicted functional consequences.Whilst breast milk miRNAs have the potential to be active in a diverse range of tissues and biological process, individual miRNAs in breast milk 3 months postpartum are unlikely to play a major role in the prevention of atopic dermatitis in infancy by probiotics ingestion in the perinatal period.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00159523.

Dataset Information

Reduced Fecal Calprotectin and Inflammation in a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis Following Probiotic Treatment.

Publications

Reduced Fecal Calprotectin and Inflammation in a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis Following Probiotic Treatment.

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