Trends in Pneumoconiosis Deaths - United States, 1999-2018.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bell JL
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7315788 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Trends in Pneumoconiosis Deaths - United States, 1999-2018.
Bell Jessica L JL Mazurek Jacek M JM
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 20200612 23
Pneumoconioses are preventable occupational lung diseases caused by inhaling dust particles such as coal dust or different types of mineral dusts (1). To assess recent trends in deaths associated with pneumoconiosis, CDC analyzed multiple cause-of-death data*<sup>,</sup><sup>†</sup> for decedents aged ≥15 years for the years 1999-2018, and industry and occupation data collected from 26 states<sup>§</sup> for the years 1999, 2003, 2004, and 2007-2013. During 1999-2018, pneumoconiosis deaths decre ...[more]
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Project description:Background Life expectancy in the United States has recently declined, in part attributable to premature cardiometabolic mortality. We characterized national trends in premature cardiometabolic mortality, overall, and by race-sex groups. Methods and Results Using death certificates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research, we quantified premature deaths (<65 years of age) from heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus from 1999 to 2018. We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and years of potential life lost (YPLL) from each cardiometabolic cause occurring at <65 years of age. We used Joinpoint regression to identify an inflection point in overall cardiometabolic AAMR trends. Average annual percent change in AAMRs and YPLL was quantified before and after the identified inflection point. From 1999 to 2018, annual premature deaths from heart disease (117 880 to 128 832), cerebrovascular disease (18 765 to 20 565), and diabetes mellitus (16 553 to 24 758) as an underlying cause of death increased. By 2018, 19.7% of all heart disease deaths, 13.9% of all cerebrovascular disease deaths, and 29.1% of all diabetes mellitus deaths were premature. AAMRs and YPLL from heart disease and cerebrovascular disease declined until the inflection point identified in 2011, then remained unchanged through 2018. Conversely, AAMRs and YPLL from diabetes mellitus did not change through 2011, then increased through 2018. Black men and women had higher AAMRs and greater YPLL for each cardiometabolic cause compared with White men and women, respectively. Conclusions Over one-fifth of cardiometabolic deaths occurred at <65 years of age. Recent stagnation in cardiometabolic AAMRs and YPLL are compounded by persistent racial disparities.
| S-EPMC7763768 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Although historical trends before 1998 demonstrated improvements in mortality caused by pulmonary embolism (PE), contemporary estimates of mortality trends are unknown. Therefore, our objective is to describe trends in death rates caused by PE in the United States, overall and by sex-race, regional, and age subgroups. Methods and Results We used nationwide death certificate data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research to calculate age-adjusted mortality rates for PE as underlying cause of death from 1999 to 2018. We used the Joinpoint regression program to examine statistical trends and average annual percent change. Trends in PE mortality rates reversed after an inflection point in 2008, with an average annual percent change before 2008 of -4.4% (-5.7, -3.0, P<0.001), indicating reduction in age-adjusted mortality rates of 4.4% per year between 1999 and 2008, versus average annual percent change after 2008 of +0.6% (0.2, 0.9, P<0.001). Black men and women had approximately 2-fold higher age-adjusted mortality rates compared with White men and women, respectively, before and after the inflection point. Similar trends were seen in geographical regions. Age-adjusted mortality rates for younger adults (25-64 years) increased during the study period (average annual percent change 2.1% [1.6, 2.6]) and remained stable for older adults (>65 years). Conclusions Our study findings demonstrate that PE mortality has increased over the past decade and racial and geographic disparities persist. Identifying the underlying drivers of these changing mortality trends and persistently observed disparities is necessary to mitigate the burden of PE-related mortality, particularly premature preventable PE deaths among younger adults (<65 years).
| S-EPMC7660782 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionSo-called deaths of despair-those involving drug overdoses, alcohol-related liver disease, and suicide-have been rising in the U.S. among middle-aged white, non-Hispanic adults without a college degree. Premature deaths (ages 25-69) from alcoholic liver disease were examined specifically in this study from 1999 to 2018, by sex, race/Hispanic origin, and age group.MethodsData were drawn from the 1999-2018 Multiple Cause of Death database and bridged-race estimates of the U.S. resident population, including 281,243 alcoholic liver disease deaths or an average of 8 deaths per 100,000 population. Analyses examined alcoholic liver disease death rates for sex differences among 3 age groups (25-49, 50-59, and 60-69 years), by race and Hispanic origin, from 1999 to 2018; age-adjusted and age-specific annual percentage changes (accounted for cohorts); years of potential life lost; and age of death for sociodemographic backgrounds, alcoholic liver disease clinical courses, and comortalities.ResultsWhite non-Hispanics increasingly experienced greater alcoholic liver disease mortality than black non-Hispanics and Hispanics, confirming the racial and ethnic crossover observed in previous studies. Although men consistently had higher rates of mortality, male-to-female ratios decreased in the past 2 decades and were the lowest among ages 25-49 years and especially among ages 25-34 years. Although women generally had longer life expectancies, women died of alcoholic liver disease on average about 2-3 years earlier than men.ConclusionsPrevention and intervention efforts are imperative to address the narrowing sex gap and widening racial disparities in alcoholic liver disease premature deaths.
| S-EPMC7508789 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: Unhealthy lifestyle factors are risk factors for stroke, and they play a key role in stroke secondary prevention. A better understanding of these factors may aid with improvements in public health policy. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to comprehensively understand the trends in unhealthy lifestyle factors in people who have previously had a stroke in the US. METHODS: Utilizing data from the biannual United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANESs) between 1999 and 2018, we collated data on unhealthy lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, depression, unhealthy diet, high BMI, physical inactivity, and sedentary behavior) in adults with a history of stroke. The Joinpoint Regression model was used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to identify trends. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify the influence of sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, employment status, family income, and highest education level). RESULTS: The analysis included 2017 respondents with a history of stroke. Current alcohol drinking (39.3% (95% confidence interval: 29.8, 48.7) to 57.4% (45.7, 69.0) p = 0.008) and obesity (39.2% (28.3, 50.2) to 49.4% (38.9, 59.8) p = 0.029) increased significantly from 1999 to 2018. The prevalence of smoking and depression remained generally stable. The proportion of respondents with an unhealthy diet decreased from 1999 (44.5% (32.4, 56.5)) to 2011 (29.0% (17.5, 40.4) p = 0.019), but then returned to its original prevalence in 2018 (42.0% (31.4, 52.7)). From 2007 to 2018, the proportion of respondents who were physically inactive decreased significantly, from 70.4% (64.4, 76.3) to 55.1% (46.1, 64.2; p = 0.017). After a gradual increase in sedentary activity from 2007 to 2012, this declined from 2013 to 2018, with no statistical significance. We found stroke survivors who were widowed, divorced, separated, or unemployed were at a higher risk of having unhealthy lifestyles than those who were employed or had other marital statuses. CONCLUSIONS: A modest reduction in the prevalence of physical inactivity was observed in Americans with a history of stroke between 1999 and 2018. The prevalences of smoking, drinking, depression, poor diet, obesity, and sedentary behavior were stable or increasing.
| S-EPMC9917618 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposePulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogenous, often progressive disorder leading to right heart failure and death. Previous analyses show stable PH mortality rates from 1980 to 2001 but increasing from 2001 to 2010 especially among women and non-Hispanic (NH) Black. This study seeks to identify recent trends in PH mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2019.MethodsMortality rates among individuals more than or equal to 15 years of age were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiology Research (WONDER) database. ICD-10 codes were used to identify individuals with PH.ResultsBetween 1999 and 2019, PH was included as a cause on 429,105 recorded deaths. The average age-adjusted PH mortality rate was 7.9 per 100,000 individuals and increased by 1.9% per year. Higher age-adjusted mortality rates were experienced by females and NH Black persons. The crude mortality rate was 105.4 per 100,000 among those decedents 85 or older. From 1999 to 2019, mortality in PH and left heart disease co-occurrence increased at nearly double the annual rate of the overall PH group.ConclusionsDespite therapeutic advances for selected PH subgroups, the overall age-adjusted PH mortality rate increased significantly from 1999 to 2019 and previously reported racial disparities have persisted. These findings emphasize the need for additional study to improve outcomes in PH.
| S-EPMC9709717 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND The United States (US)-Mexico border is a socioeconomically underserved area. We sought to investigate whether stroke-related mortality varies between the US border and nonborder counties. METHODS AND RESULTS We used death certificates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database to examine stroke-related mortality in border versus nonborder counties in California, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. We measured average annual percent changes (AAPCs) in age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100 000 between 1999 and 2018. Overall, AAMRs were higher for nonborder counties, older adults, men, and non-Hispanic Black adults than their counterparts. Between 1999 and 2018, AAMRs reduced from 55.8 per 100 000 to 34.4 per 100 000 in the border counties (AAPC, -2.70) and 64.5 per 100 000 to 37.6 per 100 000 in nonborder counties (AAPC, -2.92). The annual percent change in AAMR initially decreased, followed by stagnation in both border and nonborder counties since 2012. The AAPC in AAMR decreased in all 4 states; however, AAMR increased in California's border counties since 2012 (annual percent change, 3.9). The annual percent change in AAMR decreased for older adults between 1999 and 2012 for the border (-5.10) and nonborder counties (-5.01), followed by a rise in border counties and stalling in nonborder counties. Although the AAPC in AAMR decreased for both sexes, the AAPC in AAMR differed significantly for non-Hispanic White adults in border (-2.69) and nonborder counties (-2.86). The mortality decreased consistently for all other ethnicities/races in both border and nonborder counties. CONCLUSIONS Stroke-related mortality varied between the border and nonborder counties. Given the substantial public health implications, targeted interventions aimed at vulnerable populations are required to improve stroke-related outcomes in the US-Mexico border area.
| S-EPMC8403284 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDrug poisoning mortality in the US has risen rapidly but the drugs involved are frequently unspecified on death certificates.MethodsReported and adjusted proportions of specific drug types involved in fatal drug poisonings were calculated using vital statistics mortality data from 1999 to 2012. The adjusted proportions were those predicted to occur if at least one specific type of drug had been identified on the death certificates of all poisoning fatalities.ResultsAdjusted involvement rates of opioid analgesic mentions in 2012 were 54.3 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 53.6 %-55 %), 40.8 % higher than the reported 38.6 % rate. Adjusted rates for all narcotics, other narcotics, sedatives, or psychotropics, and multiple drug use were 81.5 % (95 % CI: 80.9 %-82.2 %), 38.4 % (95 % CI: 37.8 %-39 %), 30 % (95 % CI: 29.4 %-30.7 %), 26 % (95 % CI: 25.4 %-26.6 %) and 42.8 % (95 % CI: 42.1 %-43.5 %) in 2012, compared to reported proportions of 60.7, 27.9, 18.7, 18 and 26.9 %. The adjustments typically had similar or slightly smaller effects on the estimates in 1999, and larger impacts on subcategories of drug types such benzodiazepines and antipsychotic medications. Based on the adjusted proportions, 22,534, 15,933, 12,457, 10,798, and 17,670 drug deaths in 2012 were estimated to involve opioid analgesics, other narcotics, sedatives, psychotropic medications, and drug combinations, compared to death certificate reports of 16,007, 11,567, 7,754, 7,467, and 11,176.ConclusionsDeath certificates substantially understate the involvement of opioid analgesics, sedatives, psychotropics, and drug combinations in fatal drug poisonings. Adjustment procedures that account for cases where only unspecified drugs are reported on death certificates provide more accurate information.
| S-EPMC4714527 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6835077 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceNotable increases in mortality from alcohol-induced causes over the past 2 decades in the United States have been reported. However, comprehensive assessments of trends in alcohol-induced mortality by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and social and geographic factors are lacking.ObjectiveTo examine trends in alcohol-induced mortality rates from 2000 to 2016, comparing results by demographic characteristics including sex, race/ethnicity, age, county-level socioeconomic status, and geographic location.Design, setting, and participantsThis serial cross-sectional study used US national vital statistics data for years 2000 to 2016 for all US residents older than 15 years. Data analysis was conducted from January to September 2019.ExposuresTrends in alcohol-induced mortality by sex, race/ethnicity, age, county-level socioeconomic status (ie, median income, percentage of unemployed residents, percentage of residents with a bachelor's degree), rurality level, and US state.Main outcomes and measuresAlcohol-induced mortality, ie, deaths for which alcohol holds a population-attributable fraction of 1. Deaths were expressed per 100 000 residents as absolute and age-standardized rates. Mortality trends were measured as average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) for the entire period (ie, 2000-2016) and annual percentage changes (APCs) for individual periods of change within the study period.ResultsA total of 425 045 alcohol-induced deaths were identified from 2000 to 2016 (2000: 19 627 deaths; 14 979 [76.3%] men; 2016: 34 857 deaths; 25 213 [73.3%] men). The rate of alcohol-induced deaths increased substantially among men (AAPC, 1.4%; 95% CI, 1.0% to 1.8%) and women (AAPC, 3.1%; 95% CI, 2.6% to 3.6%) and accelerated recently (men, 2012-2016: APC, 4.2%; 95% CI, 3.1% to 5.3%; women, 2013-2016: APC, 7.1%; 95% CI, 5.1% to 9.1%). The largest increases by race/ethnicity were observed among American Indian and Alaska Native men (AAPC, 3.3%; 95% CI, 2.6% to 4.0%), American Indian and Alaska Native women (AAPC, 4.2%; 95% CI, 3.8% to 4.6%), and white women (AAPC, 4.1%; 95% CI, 3.6% to 4.7%). Despite initial declines among black women, black men, and Latino men (eg, Latino men, 2000-2003: APC, -5.1%; 95% CI, -9.8% to -0.1%; 2003-2013: APC, -0.6%; 95% CI, -1.4% to 0.2%), increases occurred later in the study period (eg, Latino men, 2013-2016: APC, 4.1%; 95% CI, 0.3% to 8.1%). The rates of increase varied by age group and in turn by racial/ethnic group. Among white individuals, large absolute increases occurred in midlife (eg, men aged 55-59 years, 2000-2003: 25.5 deaths per 100 000 residents; 2013-2016: 43.3 deaths per 100 000 residents; women aged 50-54 years, 2000-2003: 7.4 deaths per 100 000 residents; 2013-2016: 16.5 deaths per 100 000 residents), although APCs were also large for ages 25 to 34 years, ranging from 4.6% to 6.9% per year among men and from 7.3% to 12.0% among women. Among American Indian and Alaska Native individuals, increases throughout the age range were observed, with the largest absolute increase occurring for ages 45 to 49 years among men (2000-2013: 113.6 deaths per 100 000 residents; 2013-2016: 193.1 deaths per 100 000 residents) and for ages 50 to 54 among women (2000-2013: from 56.1 deaths per 100 000 residents; 2013-2016: 105.1 deaths per 100 000 residents).Conclusions and relevanceThis study found large increases in alcohol-induced death rates across age and racial/ethnic subgroups of the US population, which have accelerated over recent years. Large increases in alcohol-induced deaths among younger age groups may be associated with future increases in alcohol-related disease.
| S-EPMC7043198 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo describe trends in the burden of mortality due to subtypes of heart disease from 1999 to 2018 to inform targeted prevention strategies and reduce disparities.DesignSerial cross sectional analysis of cause specific heart disease mortality rates using national death certificate data in the overall population as well as stratified by race-sex, age, and geography.SettingUnited States, 1999-2018.Participants12.9 million decedents from total heart disease (49% women, 12% black, and 19% <65 years old).Main outcome measuresAge adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and years of potential life lost (YPLL) for each heart disease subtype, and respective mean annual percentage change.ResultsDeaths from total heart disease fell from 752 192 to 596 577 between 1999 and 2011, and then increased to 655 381 in 2018. From 1999 to 2018, the proportion of total deaths from heart disease attributed to ischemic heart disease decreased from 73% to 56%, while the proportion attributed to heart failure increased from 8% to 13% and the proportion attributed to hypertensive heart disease increased from 4% to 9%. Among heart disease subtypes, AAMR was consistently highest for ischemic heart disease in all subgroups (race-sex, age, and region). After 2011, AAMR for heart failure and hypertensive heart disease increased at a faster rate than for other subtypes. The fastest increases in heart failure mortality were in black men (mean annual percentage change 4.9%, 95% confidence interval 4.0% to 5.8%), whereas the fastest increases in hypertensive heart disease occurred in white men (6.3%, 4.9% to 9.4%). The burden of years of potential life lost was greatest from ischemic heart disease, but black-white disparities were driven by heart failure and hypertensive heart disease. Deaths from heart disease in 2018 resulted in approximately 3.8 million potential years of life lost.ConclusionsTrends in AAMR and years of potential life lost for ischemic heart disease have decelerated since 2011. For almost all other subtypes of heart disease, AAMR and years of potential life lost became stagnant or increased. Heart failure and hypertensive heart disease account for the greatest increases in premature deaths and the largest black-white disparities and have offset declines in ischemic heart disease. Early and targeted primary and secondary prevention and control of risk factors for heart disease, with a focus on groups at high risk, are needed to avoid these suboptimal trends beginning earlier in life.
| S-EPMC7424397 | biostudies-literature