Dataset Information

Global impact of atmospheric arsenic on health risk: 2005 to 2015.

ABSTRACT: Arsenic is a toxic pollutant commonly found in the environment. Most of the previous studies on arsenic pollution have primarily focused on arsenic contamination in groundwater. In this study, we examine the impact on human health from atmospheric arsenic on the global scale. We first develop an improved global atmospheric arsenic emission inventory and connect it to a global model (Goddard Earth Observing System [GEOS]-Chem). Model evaluation using observational data from a variety of sources shows the model successfully reproduces the spatial distribution of atmospheric arsenic around the world. We found that for 2005, the highest airborne arsenic concentrations were found over Chile and eastern China, with mean values of 8.34 and 5.63 ng/m³, respectively. By 2015, the average atmospheric arsenic concentration in India (4.57 ng/m³) surpassed that in eastern China (4.38 ng/m³) due to the fast increase in coal burning in India. Our calculation shows that China has the largest population affected by cancer risk due to atmospheric arsenic inhalation in 2005, which is again surpassed by India in 2015. Based on potential exceedance of health-based limits, we find that the combined effect by including both atmospheric and groundwater arsenic may significantly enhance the risks, due to carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic effects. Therefore, this study clearly implies the necessity in accounting for both atmospheric and groundwater arsenic in future management.

SUBMITTER: Zhang L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7322006 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Global impact of atmospheric arsenic on health risk: 2005 to 2015.

Zhang Lei L Gao Yang Y Wu Shiliang S Zhang Shaoqing S Smith Kirk R KR Yao Xiaohong X Gao Huiwang H

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20200608 25

Arsenic is a toxic pollutant commonly found in the environment. Most of the previous studies on arsenic pollution have primarily focused on arsenic contamination in groundwater. In this study, we examine the impact on human health from atmospheric arsenic on the global scale. We first develop an improved global atmospheric arsenic emission inventory and connect it to a global model (Goddard Earth Observing System [GEOS]-Chem). Model evaluation using observational data from a variety of sources s ...[more]

PMID: 32513708

Similar Datasets

Project description:ImportanceComprehensive and timely monitoring of disease burden in all age groups, including children and adolescents, is essential for improving population health.ObjectiveTo quantify and describe levels and trends of mortality and nonfatal health outcomes among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2015 to provide a framework for policy discussion.Evidence reviewCause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes were analyzed for 195 countries and territories by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2015 using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling, with subsequent analysis of the findings to describe levels and trends across geography and time among children and adolescents 19 years or younger. A composite indicator of income, education, and fertility was developed (Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) for each geographic unit and year, which evaluates the historical association between SDI and health loss.FindingsGlobal child and adolescent mortality decreased from 14.18 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 14.09 million to 14.28 million) deaths in 1990 to 7.26 million (95% UI, 7.14 million to 7.39 million) deaths in 2015, but progress has been unevenly distributed. Countries with a lower SDI had a larger proportion of mortality burden (75%) in 2015 than was the case in 1990 (61%). Most deaths in 2015 occurred in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Global trends were driven by reductions in mortality owing to infectious, nutritional, and neonatal disorders, which in the aggregate led to a relative increase in the importance of noncommunicable diseases and injuries in explaining global disease burden. The absolute burden of disability in children and adolescents increased 4.3% (95% UI, 3.1%-5.6%) from 1990 to 2015, with much of the increase owing to population growth and improved survival for children and adolescents to older ages. Other than infectious conditions, many top causes of disability are associated with long-term sequelae of conditions present at birth (eg, neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and hemoglobinopathies) and complications of a variety of infections and nutritional deficiencies. Anemia, developmental intellectual disability, hearing loss, epilepsy, and vision loss are important contributors to childhood disability that can arise from multiple causes. Maternal and reproductive health remains a key cause of disease burden in adolescent females, especially in lower-SDI countries. In low-SDI countries, mortality is the primary driver of health loss for children and adolescents, whereas disability predominates in higher-SDI locations; the specific pattern of epidemiological transition varies across diseases and injuries.Conclusions and relevanceConsistent international attention and investment have led to sustained improvements in causes of health loss among children and adolescents in many countries, although progress has been uneven. The persistence of infectious diseases in some countries, coupled with ongoing epidemiologic transition to injuries and noncommunicable diseases, require all countries to carefully evaluate and implement appropriate strategies to maximize the health of their children and adolescents and for the international community to carefully consider which elements of child and adolescent health should be monitored.

Project description:ImportanceGrowth in financing has underpinned progress in most areas of health. Adolescent health has recently become a global priority, with inclusion in the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health, but little is known about patterns of financing and development assistance for adolescent health (DAAH).ObjectiveTo provide estimates of DAAH at global, regional, and country levels.Design, setting, and participantsIn this quality improvement study, data from the Creditor Reporting System were used to estimate flows of total DAAH and per-adolescent DAAH and to assess its distribution by donors, regions, and countries and the leading causes of burden of disease (ie, disability-adjusted life-years) in 132 developing countries between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2015. Through use of a key word search and various funding allocation methods, 2 sets of estimates were produced: adolescent-targeted DAAH that included disbursements to projects with a primary adolescent health target and adolescent-inclusive DAAH that included disbursements to projects with either a primary or partial adolescent health target, as well as projects that could benefit adolescent health but did not include age-related key words.Main outcomes and measuresEstimates of DAAH distinguishing between adolescent-targeted and adolescent-inclusive DAAH.ResultsThere were 19?921 projects in 132 countries in the adolescent-targeted estimation between 2003 and 2015, with a total funding amount of $3634.6 million, accounting for 1.6% of total development assistance for health. The top 5 donors (Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, $806.8 million; United Nations Population Fund, $401.3 million; United States, $389.9 million; United Kingdom, $251.8 million; and International Development Association, $218.6 million) together provided 56.9% of all adolescent-targeted DAAH. Sub-Saharan Africa received the largest cumulative DAAH per adolescent ($5.37) during the period. In 2015, among the 10 leading causes of disability-adjusted life-years, HIV and AIDS received the largest DAAH, followed by interpersonal violence, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases. Other leading causes, including road injuries and depressive disorders, received few disbursements, especially among the low-income countries.Conclusions and relevanceDespite an increasing rate, DAAH composed a small proportion of total development assistance for health, suggesting that adolescent health has gained little donor attention. Moreover, recent allocations of DAAH have not aligned well with either the burden of disease or the areas where the benefits of investment are likely to be high.

Dataset Information

Global impact of atmospheric arsenic on health risk: 2005 to 2015.

Publications

Global impact of atmospheric arsenic on health risk: 2005 to 2015.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets