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The HSP110/HSP70 disaggregation system generates spreading-competent toxic ?-synuclein species.

ABSTRACT: The accumulation and prion-like propagation of ?-synuclein and other amyloidogenic proteins are associated with devastating neurodegenerative diseases. Metazoan heat shock protein HSP70 and its co-chaperones DNAJB1 and HSP110 constitute a disaggregation machinery that is able to disassemble ?-synuclein fibrils in vitro, but its physiological effects on ?-synuclein toxicity are unknown. Here, we depleted Caenorhabditis elegans HSP-110 and monitored the consequences on ?-synuclein-related pathological phenotypes such as misfolding, intercellular spreading, and toxicity in C. elegans in vivo models. Depletion of HSP-110 impaired HSP70 disaggregation activity, prevented resolubilization of amorphous aggregates, and compromised the overall cellular folding capacity. At the same time, HSP-110 depletion reduced ?-synuclein foci formation, cell-to-cell transmission, and toxicity. These data demonstrate that the HSP70 disaggregation activity constitutes a double-edged sword, as it is essential for maintaining cellular proteostasis but also involved in the generation of toxic amyloid-type protein species.

SUBMITTER: Tittelmeier J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7327497 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The HSP110/HSP70 disaggregation system generates spreading-competent toxic α-synuclein species.

Tittelmeier Jessica J Sandhof Carl Alexander CA Ries Heidrun Maja HM Druffel-Augustin Silke S Mogk Axel A Bukau Bernd B Nussbaum-Krammer Carmen C

The EMBO journal 20200525 13

The accumulation and prion-like propagation of α-synuclein and other amyloidogenic proteins are associated with devastating neurodegenerative diseases. Metazoan heat shock protein HSP70 and its co-chaperones DNAJB1 and HSP110 constitute a disaggregation machinery that is able to disassemble α-synuclein fibrils in vitro, but its physiological effects on α-synuclein toxicity are unknown. Here, we depleted Caenorhabditis elegans HSP-110 and monitored the consequences on α-synuclein-related patholog ...[more]

PMID: 32449565

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Project description:?-synuclein (?S) is a small protein that self-aggregates into ?-helical oligomer species and subsequently into larger insoluble amyloid fibrils that accumulate in intraneuronal inclusions during the development of Parkinson's disease. Toxicity of ?S oligomers and fibrils has been long debated and more recent data are suggesting that both species can induce neurodegeneration. However while most of these data are based on differences in structure between oligomer and aggregates, often preassembled in vitro, the in vivo situation might be more complex and subcellular locations where ?S species accumulate, rather than their conformation, might contribute to enhanced toxicity. In line with this observation, we have shown that ?S oligomers and aggregates are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum/microsomes (ER/M) membrane in vivo and how accumulation of soluble ?S oligomers at the ER/M level precedes neuronal degeneration in a mouse model of ?-synucleinopathies. In this paper we took a further step, investigating the biochemical and functional features of ?S species associated with the ER/M membrane. We found that by comparison with non-microsomal associated ?S (P10), the ER/M-associated ?S pool is a unique population of oligomers and aggregates with specific biochemical traits such as increased aggregation, N- and C-terminal truncations and phosphorylation at serine 129. Moreover, when administered to murine primary neurons, ER/M-associated ?S species isolated from diseased A53T human ?S transgenic mice induced neuronal changes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In fact the addition of small amounts of ER/M-associated ?S species from diseased mice to primary cultures induced the formation of beads-like structures or strings of fibrous ?S aggregates along the neurites, occasionally covering the entire process or localizing at the soma level. By comparison treatment with P10 fractions from the same diseased mice resulted in the formation of scarce and small puncta only when administered at high amount. Moreover, increasing the amount of P100/M fractions obtained from diseased and, more surprisingly, from presymptomatic mice induced a significant level of neuronal death that was prevented when neurons were treated with ER/M fractions immunodepleted of ?S high molecular weight (HMW) species. These data provide the first evidence of the existence of two different populations of ?S HMW species in vivo, putting the spotlight on the association to ER/M membrane as a necessary step for the acquisition of ?S toxic features.

Dataset Information

The HSP110/HSP70 disaggregation system generates spreading-competent toxic ?-synuclein species.

Publications

The HSP110/HSP70 disaggregation system generates spreading-competent toxic α-synuclein species.

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