Project description:BackgroundThe aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the peri-operative and long-term outcome after early repair with a hepaticojejunostomy (HJ).MethodsBetween 1995 and 2010, a nationwide, retrospective multi-centre study was conducted. All iatrogenic bile duct injury (BDI) sustained during a cholecystectomy and repaired with HJ in the five Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary centres in Denmark were included.ResultsIn total, 139 patients had an HJ repair. The median time from the BDI to reconstruction was 5 days. A concomitant vascular injury was identified in 26 cases (19%). Post-operative morbidity was 36% and mortality was 4%. Forty-two patients (30%) had a stricture of the HJ. The median follow-up time without stricture was 102 months. Nineteen out of the 42 patients with post-reconstruction biliary strictures had a re-HJ. Twenty-three patients were managed with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and dilation. The overall success rate of re-establishing the biliodigestive flow approached 93%. No association was found between timing of repair, concomitant vascular injury, level of injury and stricture formation.ConclusionIn this national, unselected and consecutive cohort of patients with BDI repaired by early HJ we found a considerable risk of long-term complications (e.g. 30% stricture rate) and mortality in both the short- and the long-term perspective.
Project description:Bile duct injury (BDI) is a severe complication following cholecystectomy. Early recognition and treatment of BDI has been shown to reduce costs and improve patients' quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the effect and cost-effectiveness of routine versus selective intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) in cholecystectomy. A systematic review and meta-analysis, combined with a health economic model analysis in the Swedish setting, was performed. Costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) for routine versus selective IOC during cholecystectomy for different scenarios were calculated. In this meta-analysis, eight studies with more than 2 million patients subjected to cholecystectomy and 9000 BDIs were included. The rate of BDI was estimated to 0.36 per cent when IOC was performed routinely, compared with to 0.53 per cent when used selectively, indicating an increased risk for BDI of 43 per cent when IOC was used selectively (odds ratio 1.43, 95 per cent c.i. 1.22 to 1.67). The model analysis estimated that seven injuries were avoided annually by routine IOC in Sweden, a population of 10 million. Over a 10-year period, 33 QALYs would be gained at an approximate net cost of €808 000 , at a cost per QALY of about €24 900. Routine IOC during cholecystectomy reduces the risk of BDI compared with the selective strategy and is a potentially cost-effective intervention.
Project description:INTRODUCTION:Treatment of major iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic bile duct injury (BDI) often requires delayed surgery with interim external biliary drainage. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) with biliary catheter placement and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) with stent placement have been used to bridge defects. In some patients, bridging the defect cannot be achieved through ERC or PTC alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Two patients with major BDIs, one iatrogenic and one non-iatrogenic underwent an extraluminal PTC/ERC rendezvous with placement of a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) for the acute management of BDI with substantial loss of bile duct length. RESULTS:In both patients the intraperitoneal PTC/ERC rendezvous with SEMS placement was successful with no complications after 12 and 18 months follow-up, respectively. DISCUSSION:This study is the first to report a standardized approach to the acute management of iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic major BDIs using extraluminal intraperitoneal PTC/ERC rendezvous with placement of a fully covered SEMS. The described technique may serve as a "bridge to surgery" strategy for patients where definitive management of BDIs are deferred. However, long-term data of the success of this technique, specifically the use of a SEMS to bridge the defect, are lacking and further investigation is required to determine its role as a definitive treatment of BDIs with substance loss. CONCLUSION:PTC/ERC rendezvous with restoration of biliary continuity and internalization of bile flow is particularly useful for patients who have previously failed ERC and/or PTC alone, and in whom immediate surgical repair is not an option.
Project description:The duration of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is a critical factor that determines the duration of treatment. This study aimed to evaluate factors affecting the PTBD duration in patients who underwent percutaneous treatment of common bile duct (CBD) stones. This study analyzed data of 169 patients who underwent percutaneous treatment of CBD stones from June 2009 to June 2019. Demographic data, characteristics of stone, procedure-related factors, and laboratory findings before the insertion of PTBD tubes were retrospectively evaluated. To assess the effect of confounding factors on the PTBD duration, multivariate linear regression analysis was applied, incorporating significant predictive factors identified in the univariate regression analysis. In the univariate regression analysis, the predictive factor that showed high correlation with the PTBD duration was the initial total bilirubin level (coefficient = 0.68, P < .001) followed by the short diameter of the largest stone (coefficient = 0.19, P = .056), and previous endoscopic sphincterotomy (coefficient = -2.50, P = .086). The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the initial total bilirubin level (coefficient = 0.50, P < .001) and short diameter of the largest stone (coefficient = 0.16, P = .025) were significantly related to the PTBD duration. The total bilirubin level before PTBD tube insertion and the short diameter of the largest CBD stone were predictive factors for the PTBD duration in patients who underwent percutaneous CBD stone removal. Careful assessment of these factors might help in predicting the treatment period, thereby improving the quality of patient care.
Project description:Video 1Magnetic compression anastomosis via EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy for recanalization of complete common hepatic bile duct transection.
Project description:BackgroundTo assess the short-term outcomes after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) plus endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) versus EPBD alone and appropriate balloon dilation time in EPBD alone.Materials and methodsA total of 413 patients with common bile duct stones (CBDSs) were included in the EST plus EPBD group and 84 were in the EPBD alone group. We retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy between EST plus EPBD and EPBD alone group. The patients in EPBD alone group were assigned to dilation time ?5 minutes group (n=35) and time <5 minutes group (n=49). Further, we preliminarily discussed the influence of balloon dilation time on the procedure-related complications.ResultsCompared with EST plus EPBD, the patients in EPBD alone group were younger [56.6 (range: 18 to 95) vs. 65.1 (24 to 92) y; P=0.006], had smaller diameter of the largest stone [10.4 (range: 3 to 20) vs. 12.3 (5 to 30) mm; P<0.001] and were lesser frequently performed with jaundice [22 (26.2%) vs. 189 (45.8%); P=0.001]. The mean duration of postoperative hospital stay in EPBD alone group was significantly shorter than EST plus EPBD group [6.3 (range: 1 to 18) vs. 9.2 (1 to 44) d; P<0.001]. The patients in EPBD alone group had higher risk of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis than EST plus EPBD group [11 (13.1%) vs. 22 (5.3%); P=0.009]. Patients in the dilation time <5 minutes group had higher risk to suffer from postoperative pancreatitis than the EST plus EPBD group [9 (18.4%) vs. 22 (5.3%); P=0.002], while patients in the dilation time ?5 minutes group had less procedure-related hemorrhage than the EST plus EPBD group [0 vs. 36 (8.7%); P=0.047].ConclusionLong balloon dilation time in EPBD alone is safe and effective in treating CBDSs.
Project description:We report a 56-year-old lady presented with cholangitis due to post-surgical clip migration associated choledocholithiasis. She under-went laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2 years ago. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed linear nature of hyper-echoic lesion casting acoustic shadow in the distal common bile duct suggestive of metallic surgical clip, which was later confirmed by endoscopic cholangiography.
Project description:BackgroundAnomalous biliary opening especially the presence of the ampulla of Vater in the duodenal bulb is a very rare phenomenon. We report clinical implications, laboratory and ERCP findings and also therapeutic approaches in 53 cases.MethodsThe data were collected from the records of 12.158 ERCP. The diagnosis was established as an anomalous opening of the common bile duct (CBD) into the duodenal bulb when there is an orifice observed in the bulb with the absence of a papillary structure at its normal localization and when the CBD is visualized by cholangiography through this orifice without evidence of any other opening.ResultsA total of 53 cases were recruited. There was an obvious male preponderance (M/F: 49/4). Demographic data and ERCP findings were available for all, but clinical characteristics and laboratory findings could be obtained from 39 patients with full records. Thirty-seven of 39 cases had abdominal pain (95%) and 23 of them (59%) had cholangitis as well. Elevated AP and GGT were found in 97.4% (52/53). History of cholecystectomy was present in 64% of the cases, recurrent cholangitis in 26% and duodenal ulcer in 45%. Normal papilla was not observed in any of the patients and a cleft-like opening was evident instead. The CBD was hook shaped at the distal part that opens to the duodenal bulb. Pancreatic duct (PD) was opening separately into the bulb in all the cases when it was possible to visualize. Dilated CBD in ERCP was evident in 94% and the CBD stone was demonstrated in 51%. PD was dilated in four of 12 (33%) cases. None of them has a history of pancreatitis. Endoscopically, Papillary Balloon Dilatation instead of Sphincterotomy carried out in 19 of 27 patients (70%) with choledocholithiazis. Remaining eight patients had undergone surgery (30%). Clinical symptoms were resolved with medical treatment in 16(32%) patients with dilated CBD but no stone. Perforation and bleeding were occurred only in two patients, which stones extracted with sphincterotomy (each complication in 1 patient).ConclusionThe opening of the CBD into the duodenal bulb is a rare event that may be associated with biliary and gastric/duodenal diseases. To date, surgical treatment has been preferred. In our experience, sphincterotomy has a high risk since it may lead to bleeding and perforation by virtue of the fact that a true papillary structure is absent. However, we performed balloon dilatation of the orifice successfully without any serious complication and suggest this as a safe therapeutic modality.
Project description:BackgroundBile duct stones after hepaticojejunostomy are considered a troublesome adverse event. Although percutaneous transhepatic procedures using a cholangioscopy is performed to treat these bile duct stones, a peroral endoscopic procedure using a short, double-balloon enteroscope (sDBE) is an alternative. This study aimed to compare the immediate and long-term outcomes of both treatments for bile duct stones in patients who underwent prior hepaticojejunostomy.MethodsBetween October 2001 and May 2013, 40 consecutive patients were treated for bile duct stones after hepaticojejunostomy at a tertiary care hospital. Initial success with biliary access, biliary intervention-related technical success, clinical success, adverse events, hospitalization duration, and stone-free survival were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsThe initial success rates for biliary access were 100% (8/8) with percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) and 91% (29/32) with sDBE. In three patients in whom biliary access during initial sDBE failed, successful access with subsequent PTCS was achieved, and biliary intervention-related technical success and clinical success were eventually achieved in all 40 patients. The rate of adverse events was significantly lower with sDBE than with PTCS (10% versus 45%; p = 0.025). The median hospitalization duration for complete stone clearance was significantly shorter with sDBE than with PTCS (10 versus 35 days; p < 0.001). During the median 7.2 year or 3.1 year follow up, the probabilities of being stone-free at 1, 2, and 3 years were 100%, 73%, and 64% for PTCS and 85%, 65%, and 59% for sDBE, respectively (p = 0.919).ConclusionssDBE was useful, with few adverse events and short hospitalization; therefore, experienced endoscopists can consider it as first-line treatment for bile duct stones in patients with prior hepaticojejunostomy.