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Dynamics of diet-egg transfer of fatty acids in the teleost fish, red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus).

ABSTRACT: Eggs of marine organisms are increasingly being recognized as important components of marine food webs. The degree to which egg fatty acid profiles reflect maternal diet fatty acid profiles, and therefore the value of fatty acids in eggs as trophic biomarkers, depends on the species' reproductive strategy and the extent of modification of ingested fatty acids. We measured the dynamics of transfer of recently ingested fatty acids to spawned eggs in a batch-spawning teleost, red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Results of 21 diet-shift experiments, from which the fatty acid profiles of the diets and eggs were compared, showed that 15 of 27 fatty acids measured (one saturated, two monounsaturated and 12 polyunsaturated fatty acids) in eggs were correlated with their levels in the recent diet, and the rate of incorporation into eggs was proportional to the magnitude of the diet shift. Large shifts in diet might occur naturally during spawning migrations or when prey communities vary over time. Results of this study indicate that fatty acids in red drum eggs can be useful for studying adult diet and exploring trophic linkages in marine systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'The next horizons for lipids as 'trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.

SUBMITTER: Hou Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7333963 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Metabolomics Analysis of Effects of Commercial Soy-based Protein Products in Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus).

Project description:We investigated the metabolic effects of four different commercial soy-based protein products on red drum fish (Sciaenops ocellatus) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics along with unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate metabolic profiles in liver, muscle, and plasma tissues. Specifically, during a 12 week feeding trial, juvenile red drum maintained in an indoor recirculating aquaculture system were fed four different commercially available soy formulations, containing the same amount of crude protein, and two reference diets as performance controls: a 60% soybean meal diet that had been used in a previous trial in our lab and a natural diet. Red drum liver, muscle, and plasma tissues were sampled at multiple time points to provide a more accurate snapshot of specific metabolic states during the grow-out. PCA score plots derived from NMR spectroscopy data sets showed significant differences between fish fed the natural diet and the soy-based diets, in both liver and muscle tissues. While red drum tolerated the inclusion of soy with good feed conversion ratios, a comparison to fish fed the natural diet revealed that the soy-fed fish in this study displayed a distinct metabolic signature characterized by increased protein and lipid catabolism, suggesting an energetic imbalance. Furthermore, among the soy-based formulations, one diet showed a more pronounced catabolic signature.

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Linkage Mapping and Comparative Genomics of Red Drum (<i>Sciaenops ocellatus</i>) Using Next-Generation Sequencing.

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Evaluation of graded levels of soy oil as a fish oil replacement in high soy protein feeds for juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus.

Project description:A 9-week feeding trial was conducted with juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, to evaluate the use of soy oil as a fish oil replacement. Three primary protein sources (fishmeal - FM, soybean meal - SBM, and soy protein concentrate - SPC) were utilized with 100% fish oil (FM, SBM, SPC), 75% fish oil (SBM, SPC), or 50% fish oil (FM, SBM, SPC) as the lipid source. Traditional growth and performance metrics (specific growth rate, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio) were tracked and tissue samples (liver, muscle, plasma, adipose, and brain) were collected for gas chromatography-based fatty acid profiling. Ten lipid metabolism related genes were analyzed for potential expression differences between dietary treatments in liver and muscle tissues and whole body and fillet tissues were sampled for proximate composition analyses. Forty- four fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and evaluated with principle component analysis and ANOVA to understand the dietary influence on lipid metabolism and health. Significant differences in growth rate were observed with the SBM 50% fish oil diet outperforming the FM 100% fish oil reference diet. All other soy protein-based diets performed statistically equivalent to both FM reference diets (100% and 50% fish oil) in regard to growth, however all soy protein-based formulations had significantly lower feed conversion ratios than the fishmeal-based references (p < .001). Gene expression differences were not significant in most cases, however often trended similarly as the observed performance. Fatty acid profiles differed as a function of oil source, with no apparent influence by protein source, with C18:2n-6 (linoleic acid) being-the primary differentiator. Overall, the six soy protein, fishmeal-free formulations performed equivalently or better than the fishmeal references with up to 50% of fish oil replaced by soybean oil.

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Molecular profiles in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae exposed to Deepwater Horizon oil

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2019-01-09 | GSE120671 | GEO

MicroRNA profiles in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae exposed to Deepwater Horizon oil

Project description:Purpose:To help identify molecular regulatory mechanisms of developmental toxicity for fish exposed to Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil, microRNA profiles in red drum larvae exposed to different DWH oils (source/mass and artificially weathered oil) were evaluated using High Throughput Sequencing (HTS). Methods:Total microRNA profiles of 48 hpf red drum larvae after source oil (0.135%, 0.27%, and 0.54%) and slick oil (1.25%, 2.5% and 5%) exposure were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina NextSeq 500. Results: Source and slick oil significantly dysregulated the expression of miR-18a, miR-27b, and miR-203a across all exposure concentrations. The target genes of these miRNAs were predominantly involved in the neuro-cardio system development processes and associated key signaling pathways such as axonal guidance signaling, CREB signaling in neurons, synaptic long-term potentiation pathway, calcium signaling and role of NFAT in cardiac hypertrophy.

2019-01-09 | GSE120670 | GEO

Dose-responsive transcriptomic profiles in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae exposed to Deepwater Horizon oil

Project description:Purpose:To help identify molecular mechanisms and pathways potentially involved in the developmental toxicity for estuary fish exposed to different concentrations of Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil, transcriptomic profiles in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) embryos exposed to different DWH oils (source/mass and artificially weathered oil) were evaluated using High Throughput Sequencing (HTS). Methods:Total mRNA profiles of 48 hpf red drum larvae after slick (1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%) and source/mass oil (0.135%, 0.27% and 0.54%) exposure were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina NextSEQ v2. Results:To determine the potential biological impact of oil exposure at system level, a gene ontology (GO) term analysis on biological processes (BPs) was conducted by analyzing the DEGs using DAVID. After exposure to source oil, the top enriched biological processes were terms associated with oxidation-reduction process, metabolic process (e.g. steroid), and organism development. Similar biological processes were also among the most significant biological processes by slick oil exposure. Among the top biological process list a significant number of nervous system related terms were highly enriched by both source and slick oil exposure, including midbrain development, motor neuron axon guidance, nervous system development, eye development, neuron development, neuron differentiation etc.

2019-01-09 | GSE119934 | GEO

The identification and determination of toxin genes of Vibrio strains causing hemorrhagic disease on red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) using PCR.

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Genome-wide transcriptional responses to Deepwater Horizon oil in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) embryos and larvae

Project description:Purpose:To investigate the transcriptomic profiles in red drum embryos reflective of the DWH oil toxicity at different critical windows of development and to predict the most impacted biological processes and pathways based on differentially expressed gene transcripts at different developmental stages using High Throughput Sequencing (HTS). Methods:Total mRNA profiles of 24, 48, 72 hpf red drum larvae after slick and source oil exposure were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina HiSeq2500. Results:Oil type-dependent transcriptional effects were observed, with more significant by source oil exposure at 24 and 48 h, and similar responses by source and slick at 72 hpf. Informatic analyses indicated source oil exposure started significant perturbation in metabolism, AhR, visual, and cardiac-associated genes as early as 24 hpf. Both source and slick oil significantly affected EIF2 pathway, nervous and cardiovascular systems from 48 hpf to 72 hpf.

2017-11-14 | GSE90113 | GEO

Transcriptomic responses to oil, a pathogen, or both in spleen and liver tissues from juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)

Project description:The objective of this study was to determine how transcriptomic responses in the spleen and liver are altered in juvenile Sciaenops ocellatus exposed to oil, a known fish pathogen (Vibrio anguillarum), or both.

2019-08-22 | GSE136133 | GEO

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