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Probing the relationship between late endogenous ERP components with fluid intelligence in healthy older adults.

ABSTRACT: The world population is rapidly aging, bringing together the necessity to better understand the advancing age. This characterization may be used to aid early diagnosis and to guide individually-tailored interventions. While some event-related potential (ERP) components, such as the P300 and late positive complex (LPC), have been associated with fluid intelligence (Gf) in young population; little is known whether these associations hold for older people. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to assess whether these ERP components are associated with Gf in the elderly. Fifty-seven older adults performed a continuous performance task (CPT) and a visual oddball paradigm while EEG was recorded. Participants were divided into two groups, according to their performance in the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices test: high-performance (HP) and low-performance (LP). Results showed that the HP group, compared to the LP group, had higher LPC amplitudes in the CPT and shorter P300 latencies in the oddball task, highlighting the role of ERP components as a potential electrophysiological proxy of Gf abilities in the elderly.

SUBMITTER: Teixeira-Santos AC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7341872 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Working memory has been examined extensively using the N-back task. However, less is known about the neural bases underlying individual variation in the accuracy rate (AR) and reaction time (RT) as metrics of N-back performance. Whereas AR indexes the overall performance, RT may more specifically reflect the efficiency in updating target identify. Further, studies have associated fluid intelligence (Gf) with working memory, but the cerebral correlates shared between Gf and N-back performance remain unclear. We addressed these issues using the Human Connectome Project dataset. We quantified the differences in AR (critical success index or CSI) and RT between 2- and 0-backs (CSI2-0 and RT2-0) and identified the neural correlates of individual variation in CSI2-0, RT2-0, and Gf, as indexed by the number of correct items scored in the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) test. The results showed that CSI2-0 and RT2-0 were negatively correlated, suggesting that a prolonged response time did not facilitate accuracy. At voxel p < 0.05, FWE-corrected, the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), bilateral frontoparietal cortex (biFPC) and right anterior insula (rAI) showed activities in negative correlation with CSI2-0 and positive correlation with RT2-0. In contrast, a cluster in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) bordering the SMA showed activities in positive correlation with CSI2-0 and negative correlation with RT2-0. Further, path analyses showed a significant fit of the model dACC → RT2-0 → CSI2-0, suggesting a critical role of target switching in determining performance accuracy. Individual variations in RT2-0 and Gf were positively correlated, although the effect size was small (f2 = 0.0246). RT2-0 and Gf shared activities both in positive correlation with the preSMA, biFPC, rAI, and dorsal precuneus. These results together suggest inter-related neural substrates of individual variation in N-back performance and highlight a complex relationship in the neural processes supporting 2-back and RSPM performance.

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Probing the relationship between late endogenous ERP components with fluid intelligence in healthy older adults.

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