Dataset Information

Experimental Models of Sarcopenia: Bridging Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategy.

ABSTRACT: Sarcopenia has been defined as a progressive decline of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and functions in elderly people. It is accompanied by physical frailty, functional disability, falls, hospitalization, and mortality, and is becoming a major geriatric disorder owing to the increasing life expectancy and growing older population worldwide. Experimental models are critical to understand the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and develop therapeutic strategies. Although its etiologies remain to be further elucidated, several mechanisms of sarcopenia have been identified, including cellular senescence, proteostasis imbalance, oxidative stress, and "inflammaging." In this article, we address three main aspects. First, we describe the fundamental aging mechanisms. Next, we discuss both in vitro and in vivo experimental models based on molecular mechanisms that have the potential to elucidate the biochemical processes integral to sarcopenia. The use of appropriate models to reflect sarcopenia and/or its underlying pathways will enable researchers to understand sarcopenia and develop novel therapeutic strategies for sarcopenia. Lastly, we discuss the possible molecular targets and the current status of drug candidates for sarcopenia treatment. In conclusion, the development of experimental models for sarcopenia is essential to discover molecular targets that are valuable as biochemical biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for sarcopenia.

SUBMITTER: Mankhong S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7348939 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Experimental Models of Sarcopenia: Bridging Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategy.

Mankhong Sakulrat S Kim Sujin S Moon Sohee S Kwak Hyo-Bum HB Park Dong-Ho DH Kang Ju-Hee JH

Cells 20200602 6

Sarcopenia has been defined as a progressive decline of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and functions in elderly people. It is accompanied by physical frailty, functional disability, falls, hospitalization, and mortality, and is becoming a major geriatric disorder owing to the increasing life expectancy and growing older population worldwide. Experimental models are critical to understand the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and develop therapeutic strategies. Although its etiologies remain to be f ...[more]

PMID: 32498474

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Project description:Development of targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major challenge. We have recently identified an elevated expression of the fifth subunit of COP9 signalosome (CSN5) in early HCC as compared to dysplastic stage. In the present study, we explored the possibility of CSN5 being a potential therapeutic target for HCC. We demonstrate that CSN5 knockdown by small interfering (si) RNA caused a block in cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, and induced apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro. The transcriptomic analysis of CSN5 knockdown signature by microarray showed that the anti-proliferative effect was driven by a common subset of molecular alterations including downregulation of CDK6 or ITGB1, which are involved in cell cycle regulation or tumor invasion and functionally interconnected with key oncogenic regulators such as TGFβ1 and MYC. Western blot assay showed that CSN5 depletion significantly increases the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and decreases the expression of ITGB1, CDK6 and cyclin D1 proteins, restoring the tumor suppressive function of RB and thereby contributing to inhibition of cell cycle progression. In addition, CSN5 knockdown increased the expression of Bak but decreased the level of Bcl-2, subsequently leading to apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3. A chemically modified variant of CSN5 siRNA was then selected for in vivo application based on the growth inhibitory effect and minimal induction of unwanted immune response. Systemic delivery of the CSN5 3/8 variant by stable-nucleic-acid-lipid-particles (SNALP) significantly suppressed the tumor growth in Huh7-luc+ orthotopic xenograft model. Taken together, these results indicate that CSN5 plays a pivotal role in HCC pathogenesis and maybe an attractive molecular target for systemic HCC therapy. Huh7 and HepG2 cells were treated with CSN5 siRNA and negative control siRNA for 48 hours and subjected to Illumina microarray analysis. 4 replicates each.

Dataset Information

Experimental Models of Sarcopenia: Bridging Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategy.

Publications

Experimental Models of Sarcopenia: Bridging Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategy.

Similar Datasets

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