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Postprandial Endotoxin Transporters LBP and sCD14 Differ in Obese vs. Overweight and Normal Weight Men during Fat-Rich Meal Digestion.

ABSTRACT: Circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) are recognized as clinical markers of endotoxemia. In obese men, postprandial endotoxemia is modulated by the amount of fat ingested, being higher compared to normal-weight (NW) subjects. Relative variations of LBP/sCD14 ratio in response to overfeeding are also considered important in the inflammation set-up, as measured through IL-6 concentration. We tested the hypothesis that postprandial LBP and sCD14 circulating concentrations differed in obese vs. overweight and NW men after a fat-rich meal. We thus analyzed the postprandial kinetics of LBP and sCD14 in the context of two clinical trials involving postprandial tests in normal-, over-weight and obese men. In the first clinical trial eight NW and 8 obese men ingested breakfasts containing 10 vs. 40 g of fat. In the second clinical trial, 18 healthy men were overfed during 8 weeks. sCD14, LBP and Il-6 were measured in all subjects during 5 h after test meal. Obese men presented a higher fasting and postprandial LBP concentration in plasma than NW men regardless of fat load, while postprandial sCD14 was similar in both groups. Irrespective of the overfeeding treatment, we observed postprandial increase of sCD14 and decrease of LBP before and after OF. In obese individuals receiving a 10 g fat load, whereas IL-6 increased 5h after meal, LBP and sCD14 did not increase. No direct association between the postprandial kinetics of endotoxemia markers sCD14 and LBP and of inflammation in obese men was observed in this study.

SUBMITTER: Laugerette F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7353369 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Postprandial Endotoxin Transporters LBP and sCD14 Differ in Obese vs. Overweight and Normal Weight Men during Fat-Rich Meal Digestion.

Laugerette Fabienne F Vors Cécile C Alligier Maud M Pineau Gaëlle G Drai Jocelyne J Knibbe Carole C Morio Béatrice B Lambert-Porcheron Stéphanie S Laville Martine M Vidal Hubert H Michalski Marie-Caroline MC

Nutrients 20200618 6

Circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) are recognized as clinical markers of endotoxemia. In obese men, postprandial endotoxemia is modulated by the amount of fat ingested, being higher compared to normal-weight (NW) subjects. Relative variations of LBP/sCD14 ratio in response to overfeeding are also considered important in the inflammation set-up, as measured through IL-6 concentration. We tested the hypothesis that postp ...[more]

PMID: 32570947

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Project description:BackgroundDyslipidemia is a feature of impaired metabolic health in conjunction with impaired glucose metabolism and central obesity. However, the contribution of factors to postprandial lipemia in healthy but metabolically at-risk adults is not well understood. We investigated the collective contribution of several physiologic and lifestyle factors to postprandial triglyceride (TG) response to a high-fat meal in healthy, overweight and obese adults.MethodsOverweight and obese adults (n = 35) underwent a high-fat meal challenge with blood sampled at fasting and hourly in the 4-hour postprandial period after a breakfast containing 50 g fat. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and postprandial magnitude for TG were calculated and data analyzed using a linear model with physiologic and lifestyle characteristics as explanatory variables. Model reduction was used to assess which explanatory variables contributed most to the postprandial TG response.ResultsTG responses to a high-fat meal were variable between individuals, with approximately 57 % of participants exceeded the nonfasting threshold for hypertriglyceridemia. Visceral adiposity was the strongest predictor of TG iAUC (β = 0.53, p = 0.01), followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β = 0.31, p = 0.05), insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR (β = 0.30, p = 0.04), and relative exercise intensity at which substrate utilization crossover occurred (β = 0.05, p = 0.04). For postprandial TG magnitude, visceral adiposity was a strong predictor (β = 0.43, p < 0.001) followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β = 0.23, p = 0.01), and exercise intensity for substrate utilization crossover (β = 0.53, p = 0.01).ConclusionsPostprandial TG responses to a high-fat meal was partially explained by several physiologic and lifestyle characteristics, including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, aerobic exercise frequency, and relative substrate utilization crossover during exercise.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04128839 , Registered 16 October 2019 - Retrospectively registered.

Project description:BackgoundTheobromine, a component of cocoa, may favorably affect conventional lipid-related cardiovascular risk markers, but effects on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and other vascular function markers are not known.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of 4-week theobromine consumption (500 mg/day) on fasting and postprandial vascular function markers.DesignIn a randomized, double-blind crossover study, 44 apparently healthy overweight (N = 30) and obese (N = 14) men and women with low HDL-C concentrations, consumed daily 500 mg theobromine or placebo for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, FMD, peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (BP) and retinal microvasculature measurements were performed. These measurements were carried out under fasting conditions and 2.5 h after a high-fat mixed meal challenge.Results4-week theobromine consumption did not change fasting vascular function markers, except for a decrease in central AIx (cAIx, - 1.7 pp, P = 0.037) and a trend towards smaller venular calibers (- 2 µm, P = 0.074). Consuming a high-fat mixed meal decreased FMD (0.89 pp, P = 0.002), reactive hyperemia index (RHI, - 0.30, P < 0.001), peripheral systolic BP (SBP, - 3 mmHg, P ≤ 0.001), peripheral diastolic BP (DBP, - 2 mmHg, P ≤ 0.001), central SBP (- 6 mmHg, P ≤ 0.001) and central DBP (- 2 mmHg, P ≤ 0.001), but increased heart rate (HR, 2 bpm, P < 0.001). Theobromine did not modify these postprandial effects, but increased postprandially the brachial artery diameter (0.03 cm, P = 0.015), and decreased the cAIx corrected for a HR of 75 (cAIx75, - 5.0 pp, P = 0.004) and peripheral AIx (pAIx, - 6.3 pp, P = 0.017).ConclusionTheobromine consumption did not improve fasting and postprandial endothelial function, but increased postprandial peripheral arterial diameters and decreased the AIx. These findings do not suggest that theobromine alone contributes to the proposed cardioprotective effects of cocoa. This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov under study number NCT02209025.

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Project description:Aims/hypothesisPrediabetes is associated with postprandial hypertriacylglycerolaemia. Resistance exercise acutely lowers postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (TG); however, the changes in lipid metabolism that mediate this reduction are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the constitutive metabolic mechanisms underlying the changes in postprandial lipid metabolism after resistance exercise in obese men with prediabetes.MethodsWe evaluated the effect of a single bout of whole-body resistance exercise (seven exercises, three sets, 10-12 repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum) on postprandial lipid metabolism in ten middle-aged (50?±?9 years), overweight/obese (BMI: 33?±?3 kg/m2), sedentary men with prediabetes (HbA1c >38 but <48 mmol/mol [>5.7% but <6.5%]), or fasting plasma glucose >5.6 mmol/l but <7.0 mmol/l or 2 h OGTT glucose >7.8 mmol/l but <11.1 mmol/l). We used a randomised, crossover design with a triple-tracer mixed meal test (ingested [(13C4)3]tripalmitin, i.v. [U-13C16]palmitate and [2H5]glycerol) to evaluate chylomicron-TG and total triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL)-TG kinetics. We used adipose tissue and skeletal muscle biopsies to evaluate the expression of genes regulating lipolysis and lipid oxidation, skeletal muscle respirometry to evaluate oxidative capacity, and indirect calorimetry to assess whole-body lipid oxidation.ResultsThe single bout of resistance exercise reduced the lipaemic response to a mixed meal in obese men with prediabetes without changing chylomicron-TG or TRL-TG fractional clearance rates. However, resistance exercise reduced endogenous and meal-derived fatty acid incorporation into chylomicron-TG and TRL-TG. Resistance exercise also increased whole-body lipid oxidation, skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration, oxidative gene expression in skeletal muscle, and the expression of key lipolysis genes in adipose tissue.Conclusions/interpretationA single bout of resistance exercise improves postprandial lipid metabolism in obese men with prediabetes, which may mitigate the risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Dataset Information

Postprandial Endotoxin Transporters LBP and sCD14 Differ in Obese vs. Overweight and Normal Weight Men during Fat-Rich Meal Digestion.

Publications

Postprandial Endotoxin Transporters LBP and sCD14 Differ in Obese vs. Overweight and Normal Weight Men during Fat-Rich Meal Digestion.

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