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Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis of Porcine Faecal Commensal Escherichia coli Carrying Class 1 Integrons from Sows and Their Offspring.

ABSTRACT: Intensive pig production systems often rely on the use of antimicrobials and heavy metal feed additives to maintain animal health and welfare. To gain insight into the carriage of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the faecal flora of commercially reared healthy swine, we characterised the genome sequences of 117 porcine commensal E. coli that carried the class 1 integrase gene (intI1+). Isolates were sourced from 42 healthy sows and 126 of their offspring from a commercial breeding operation in Australia in 2017. intI1+ E. coli was detected in 28/42 (67%) sows and 90/126 (71%) piglets. Phylogroup A, particularly clonal complex 10, and phylogroup B1 featured prominently in the study collection. ST10, ST20, ST48 and ST361 were the dominant sequence types. Notably, 113/117 isolates (96%) carried three or more ARGs. Genes encoding resistance to -lactams, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulphonamides, tetracyclines and heavy metals were dominant. ARGs encoding resistance to last-line agents, such as carbapenems and third generation cephalosporins, were not detected. IS26, an insertion sequence noted for its ability to capture and mobilise ARGs, was present in 108/117 (92%) intI1+ isolates, and it played a role in determining class 1 integron structure. Our data shows that healthy Australian pig faeces are an important reservoir of multidrug resistant E. coli that carry genes encoding resistance to multiple first-generation antibiotics and virulence-associated genes.

SUBMITTER: Zingali T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7355456 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis of Porcine Faecal Commensal Escherichia coli Carrying Class 1 Integrons from Sows and Their Offspring.

Zingali Tiziana T Reid Cameron J CJ Chapman Toni A TA Gaio Daniela D Liu Michael M Darling Aaron E AE Djordjevic Steven P SP

Microorganisms 20200604 6

Intensive pig production systems often rely on the use of antimicrobials and heavy metal feed additives to maintain animal health and welfare. To gain insight into the carriage of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the faecal flora of commercially reared healthy swine, we characterised the genome sequences of 117 porcine commensal E. coli that carried the class 1 integrase gene (intI1+). Isolates were sourced from 42 healthy sows and 126 of their offspring from a c ...[more]

PMID: 32512857

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Project description:BackgroundShigella spp. are major cause of diarrhoeal disease in both developing and developed countries. Shigella sonnei is the serogroup of Shigella most frequently responsible for sporadic and epidemic enteritis in developed countries. In recent years the emergence and spread of S. sonnei biotype g carrying class 2 integron have been frequently reported in many countries. Recently, S. sonnei has been reported as the prevalent serogroup of Shigella in Iran. The present study was carried out to investigate phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Shigella sonnei isolates identified in the years 2002 and 2003 in Tehran, Iran.MethodsBiotyping, drug susceptibility testing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and analysis of class 2 integrons have been carried out on 60 S. sonnei isolates, including 57 sporadic isolates from paediatric cases of shigellosis occurring in 2002 and 2003, two sporadic isolates recovered in 1984 and the ATCC 9290 strain.ResultsBiotype g and resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tetracycline were exhibited by 54 of the 57 recent isolates. Of the 54 biotype g isolates, 28 exhibited a class 2 integron of 2161 bp, and 24 a class 2 integron of 1371 bp, respectively. Class 2 integrons were not detected in four isolates only, including the two endemic isolates recovered in 1984 and two strains from recent sporadic cases. PFGE divided the strains into eight pulsotypes labeled A to H, three major pulsotypes - A to C - including the large majority of the recent sporadic S. sonnei isolates. Pulsotypes A and C were the most prevalent groups, accounting for 41.6% and 35.0%, respectively, of the isolates under study.ConclusionThe results suggest that biotype g, class 2 integron carrying S. sonnei are prevalent in our geographic area. S. sonnei isolated in the years 2002 and 2003 could be attributed to a few predominant clusters including, respectively, strains with pulsotypes B and C carrying a 2161 bp class 2 integron, and those having pulsotype A and a 1371 bp class 2 integron. A few epidemic clones are responsible for the apparently endemic occurrence of shigellosis in Tehran, Iran.

Project description:Background and aimThai pig farmers have suffered huge financial losses from porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) since 2007. PED, caused by the PED virus (PEDV), leads to severe diarrhea, vomiting, and subsequent dehydration in suckling piglets. Lactogenic immunity derived from colostrum and milk is very important because immunoglobulins (Ig) cannot cross the placenta in pregnant sows. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunological correlation of the sample-to-positive (S/P) ratios of IgA and IgG against PEDV between colostrum, sow serum, and their piglet serum.Materials and methodsA total of 43 sows were divided into three groups according to the experience of PEDV infection: Negative sow group (n=7) and treatment group (n=36, sows previously infected with PEDV). The treatment group was subdivided into two groups: Sows immunized with live-attenuated PEDV vaccine (n=15) and sows immunized with feedback (n=21) at 3 weeks before farrowing. The 7-day-old piglets (n=425) were obtained from negative sows (n=89), vaccinated sows (n=150), and feedback sows (n=275). Colostrum, sow serum, and their piglet serum were collected and analyzed for S/P ratios of their IgA and IgG levels against PEDV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe piglets from sows immunized with live-attenuated PEDV vaccine had a higher S/P ratio of IgG against PEDV (p<0.001), whereas the piglets from the feedback group had a higher S/P ratio of IgA against PEDV (p<0.001) compared with piglets from the negative sows. In addition, the S/P ratios of PEDV-specific IgA and IgG between sow serum and colostrum showed a positive correlation (Pearson's coefficient r=0.61 and 0.75, respectively). Both S/P ratios of PEDV-specific IgA and IgG in sow serum and colostrum had a positive correlation to those in piglet serum.ConclusionOverall, this study suggested that pregnant sows immunized with the live-attenuated vaccine against PEDV and feedback may provide maternal immunity against PEDV to their offspring.

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Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis of Porcine Faecal Commensal Escherichia coli Carrying Class 1 Integrons from Sows and Their Offspring.

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Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis of Porcine Faecal Commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> Carrying Class 1 Integrons from Sows and Their Offspring.

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