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Nitrate Promotes Germination Under Inhibition by NaCl or High Concentration of Glucose.

ABSTRACT: Seed germination, one of the most important stages in a plant's life cycle, can be affected by abiotic stresses, such as salinity. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and high concentrations of glucose are also known to inhibit germination. In contrast, nitrate is known to stimulate germination in many plants. However, this stimulatory effect has not yet been investigated in the presence of inhibitory effects caused by abiotic stresses, ABA, and glucose. In this study, we show that nitrate can alleviate the inhibitory effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) or high concentrations of glucose on seed germination in Arabidopsis, while it was not able to promote germination that was inhibited by exogenous ABA and mannitol (an inducer of osmotic stress). An analysis of the gene expression involved in the regulation of germination showed that GA20ox1, encoding the gibberellin (GA) synthesis enzyme, SPATULA (SPT), encoding a bHLH transcription factor, and CYP707A2, encoding an ABA catabolic enzyme, were significantly upregulated by the addition of KNO3 in the presence of NaCl or glucose. Our results suggest the possibility that these genes are involved in the nitrate-mediated control of seed germination in the presence of NaCl or glucose.

SUBMITTER: Ikeya S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7355496 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nitrate Promotes Germination Under Inhibition by NaCl or High Concentration of Glucose.

Ikeya Shun S Aoyanagi Takuya T Ishizuka Imari I Takeuchi Ayano A Kozaki Akiko A

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20200602 6

Seed germination, one of the most important stages in a plant's life cycle, can be affected by abiotic stresses, such as salinity. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and high concentrations of glucose are also known to inhibit germination. In contrast, nitrate is known to stimulate germination in many plants. However, this stimulatory effect has not yet been investigated in the presence of inhibitory effects caused by abiotic stresses, ABA, and glucose. In this study, we show that nitrate can ...[more]

PMID: 32498308

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Project description:Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential nutrient element for plants as it stabilizes the membrane system structure and controls enzyme activity. To investigate the effects of Ca2+ on plant growth and leaf photosynthetic electron transport in oat (Avena sativa) under NaCl stress, oat seeds and plants were cultivated in nutrient solutions with single NaCl treatment and NaCl treatment with CaCl2 amendment. By measuring the seed germination rate, plant growth, Na+ and Cl- accumulation in leaves, ion leakage in seedlings and leaves, prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence (PF) transient (OJIP), delayed chlorophyll a fluorescence (DF), and modulated 820 nm reflection (MR) values of the leaves at different growth phases, we observed that Ca2+ alleviated the inhibition of germination and plant growth and decreased Na+ and Cl- accumulation and ion leakage in the leaves under NaCl stress. NaCl stress changed the curves of the OJIP transient, induced PF intensity at P-step (FP) decrease and PF intensity at J-step (FJ) increase, resulted in obvious K and L bands, and altered the performance index of absorption (PIABS), the absorption of antenna chlorophyll (ABS/RC), electron movement efficiency (ETo/TRo), and potential maximum photosynthetic capacity (FV/FM) values. With the time extension of NaCl stress, I1 and I2 in the DF curve showed a decreasing trend, the lowest values of MR/MRO curve increased, and the highest points of the MR/MRO curve decreased. Compared with NaCl treatment, the extent of change induced by NaCl in the values of OJIP, DF and MR was reduced in the NaCl treatment with CaCl2 amendment. These results revealed that Ca2+ might improve the photosynthetic efficiency and the growth of salt-stressed plants by maintaining the integrity of oxygen-evolving complexes and electron transporters on the side of the PSI receptor and enhancing the relationship between the functional units of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The findings from this study could be used for improving crop productivity in saline alkali lands.

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Nitrate Promotes Germination Under Inhibition by NaCl or High Concentration of Glucose.

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Nitrate Promotes Germination Under Inhibition by NaCl or High Concentration of Glucose.

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