Dataset Information

Selective Regional Alteration of the Gut Microbiota by Diet and Antibiotics.

ABSTRACT: The small intestinal microbiota has recently been implicated in contributing to metabolic disease. We previously demonstrated that diets rich in saturated milk fat have a particularly strong impact on the small bowel microbiota as opposed to more distal gastrointestinal (GI) regions. However, the impact of antibiotics and diet on the small bowel microbiota has not been clearly demonstrated. Thus, we sought to determine how diet and antibiotics interact in modulating the regional landscape of the gut microbiota. We conducted a study using male mice on a high fat (HF) or a low fat (LF) diet (n = 15/group) that received either water control (n = 5/diet), rifaximin, (non-absorbable broad-spectrum antibiotic; n = 5/diet) or an antibiotic cocktail consisting of metronidazole, cefoperazone, vancomycin, and neomycin (Abx cocktail; n = 5/diet). 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on mucosal scrapings collected from the small intestine and cecum, as well as on stool samples. Interestingly, antibiotics had a significant effect on community composition throughout the small intestine, cecum and stool, whereas diet significantly affected only the jejunum and cecum microbiota. The antibiotic cocktail, regardless of diet, was most effective in increasing cecum size, reducing body fat percentage, and plasma lipid levels. Altogether, this study reveals a selective and divergent regional alteration of the gut microbiota by diet and antibiotics.

SUBMITTER: Poteres E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7358400 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Selective Regional Alteration of the Gut Microbiota by Diet and Antibiotics.

Poteres Elesa E Hubert Nathaniel N Poludasu Sudeep S Brigando Gabriella G Moore Julia J Keeler Kelly K Isabelli Allison A Ibay Iara Cassandra V ICV Alt Lauren L Pytynia Matthew M Ciancio Mae M Martinez-Guryn Kristina K

Frontiers in physiology 20200707

The small intestinal microbiota has recently been implicated in contributing to metabolic disease. We previously demonstrated that diets rich in saturated milk fat have a particularly strong impact on the small bowel microbiota as opposed to more distal gastrointestinal (GI) regions. However, the impact of antibiotics and diet on the small bowel microbiota has not been clearly demonstrated. Thus, we sought to determine how diet and antibiotics interact in modulating the regional landscape of the ...[more]

PMID: 32733284

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Project description:The gut microbiota is known to have significant involvement in the regulation of lipogenesis and adipogenesis, yet the mechanisms responsible for this relationship remain poorly understood. The current study aims to provide insight into the potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota modulates lipogenesis in chickens. Using chickens fed with a normal-fat diet (NFD, n = 5) and high-fat diet (HFD, n = 5), we analyzed the correlation between gut microbiota, cecal metabolomics, and lipogenesis by 16s rRNA sequencing, miRNA and mRNA sequencing as well as targeted metabolomics analysis. The potential metabolite/miRNA/mRNA axis regulated by gut microbiota was identified using chickens treated with antibiotics (ABX, n = 5). The possible mechanism of gut microbiota regulating chicken lipogenesis was confirmed by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from chickens fed with NFD to chickens fed with HFD (n = 5). The results showed that HFD significantly altered gut microbiota composition and enhanced chicken lipogenesis, with a significant correlation between 3. Furthermore, HFD significantly altered the hepatic miRNA expression profiles and reduced the abundance of hepatic butyric acid. Procrustes analysis indicated that the HFD-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota might affect the expression profiles of hepatic miRNA. Specifically, HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis may reduce the abundance of butyric acid and downregulate the expression of miR-204 in the liver. Multiomics analysis identified ACSS2 as a target gene of miR-204. Gut microbiota depletion by an antibiotic cocktail (ABX) showed a gut microbiota-dependent manner in the abundance of butyric acid and the expression of miR-204/ACSS2, which have been observed to be significantly correlated. Fecal microbiota transplantation from NFD chickens into HFD chickens effectively attenuated the HFD-induced excessive lipogenesis, elevated the abundance of butyric acid and the relative expression of miR-204, and reduced the expression of ACSS2 in the liver. Mechanistically, our results showed that the gut microbiota plays an antiobesity role by regulating the butyric acid/miR-204/ACSS2 axis in chickens. This work contributed to a better understanding of the functions of gut microbiota in regulating chicken lipogenesis.

Dataset Information

Selective Regional Alteration of the Gut Microbiota by Diet and Antibiotics.

Publications

Selective Regional Alteration of the Gut Microbiota by Diet and Antibiotics.

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