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Arum conophalloides Aqueous Extract Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat; Histopathological, Biochemical, and mir-122 Assessments.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Arum conophalloides (A. conophalloides) is a wild edible delicate plant, widely used in traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to examine the effects of A. conophalloides extracts on biochemical, molecular, and histopathological changes in the rat. METHODS:Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (10 each) as follows: G1 or control, received distilled water; G2 and G3, treated with the aqueous extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg; G4 and G5, treated with the hydroalcoholic extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Prior to and at the end of the experiments, the serum levels of biochemistry parameters and the relative expression of miR-122 were assessed. Moreover, the liver and kidney tissues were examined microscopically. RESULTS:Liver and kidney tissues showed normal structure in all groups. There were no significant changes in biochemical indices or the expression of miR-122 in the extract-treated groups at the dose of 200 mg/kg. However, the group that received the aqueous extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited a significantly lower level of HDL, LDL, ALT, and ALP in comparison to the control. Additionally, miR-122 expression in this group exhibited a 10-fold increase (P=0.009). CONCLUSION:The serum level of hepatocyte-specific miR-122 will be more helpful in detecting hepatic changes in early stages than ALT and AST activity or histopathological evaluations of liver sections. Our findings highlight the potential hepatotoxicity of A. conophalloides aqueous extract in a rat model.

SUBMITTER: Derakhshanfar A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7366011 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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<i>Arum conophalloides</i> Aqueous Extract Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat; Histopathological, Biochemical, and mir-122 Assessments.

Derakhshanfar Amin A Moayedi Javad J Vahedi Mahjoob M Valizadeh Abouzar A

MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates) 20200101 3

<h4>Background</h4><i>Arum conophalloides (A. conophalloides)</i> is a wild edible delicate plant, widely used in traditional medicine.<h4>Objective</h4>This study aimed to examine the effects of <i>A. conophalloides</i> extracts on biochemical, molecular, and histopathological changes in the rat.<h4>Methods</h4>Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (10 each) as follows: G1 or control, received distilled water; G2 and G3, treated with the aqueous extract at doses of 200 ...[more]

PMID: 31622226

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Project description:Hepatic macrophages play an important role in homeostasis. The functional abnormalities of hepatic macrophages primarily or secondarily influence chemically induced hepatotoxicity. However, the evaluation system based on their functions has not yet been established. Recently, a new concept (M1-/M2-macrophage polarization) was proposed; M1-macropahges are induced by INF-?, and show high phagocytosis/tissue damage, whereas M2-macropahges are induced by IL-4 and play roles in reparative fibrosis by releasing IL-10 and TGF-?1. In hepatogenesis, CD68-expressing M1-macrophages predominantly exist in embryos; in neonates, in contrast, CD163-/CD204-expressing M2-macrophages appear along the sinusoids and mature as Kupffer cells. Activated Kupffer cells by liposome decrease AST and ALT values, whereas AST and ALT values are increased under Kupffer cells depleted with clodronate treatment. Since Kupffer cells may be involved in clearance of liver enzymes, macrophage condition should be taken into consideration when hepatotoxicity is analyzed. In TAA-induced acute hepatic lesions, INF-?, TNF-? and IL-6 for M1-factors and IL-4 for M2-factors are already increased before histopathological change; the appearance of CD68-expressing M1-macrophages and CD163-expressing M2-macrophages follows in injured centrilobular lesions, and TGF-?1 and IL-10 are increased for reparative fibrosis. CD68-expressing M1-macrophages co-express MHC class II and Iba-1, whereas CD163-expressing M2-macrophages also express CD204 and Galectin-3. Under macrophage depletion by clodoronate, TAA-treated rat livers show prolonged coagulation necrosis of hepatocytes, and then develop dystrophic calcification without reparative fibrosis. The depletion of hepatic macrophages influences hepatic lesion development. Collectively, a histopathological analysis method for hepatotoxicity according to M1-/M2-macrophage polarization would lead to the refinement of hazard characterization of chemicals in food and feed.

Dataset Information

Arum conophalloides Aqueous Extract Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat; Histopathological, Biochemical, and mir-122 Assessments.

Publications

<i>Arum conophalloides</i> Aqueous Extract Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat; Histopathological, Biochemical, and mir-122 Assessments.

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