Dataset Information

Widespread Environmental Presence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella in an Equine Veterinary Hospital That Received Local and International Horses.

ABSTRACT: Salmonella enterica is a highly infectious microorganism responsible for many outbreaks reported in equine hospitals. Outbreaks are characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, nosocomial transmission to other patients, zoonotic transmission to hospital personnel, and even closure of facilities. In this study, 545 samples (environmental and hospitalized patients) were collected monthly during a 1-year period from human and animal contact surfaces in an equine hospital that received local and international horses. A total of 22 Salmonella isolates were obtained from human contact surfaces (e.g., offices and pharmacy) and animal contact surfaces (e.g., stalls, surgery room, and waterers), and one isolate from a horse. Molecular serotyping revealed 18 isolates as Salmonella Typhimurium and three as Salmonella Infantis. Nineteen isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial class, and only two isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. In addition, we identified nine multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates in S. Typhimurium, which displayed resistance to up to eight antimicrobials (i.e., amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed the presence of three PFGE patterns permanently present in the environment of the hospital during our study. The persistent environmental presence of MDR Salmonella isolates, along with the fact that local and international horses are attended in this hospital, highlights the importance of improving biosecurity programs to prevent disease in horses and the hospital personnel and also for the global dissemination and acquisition of MDR Salmonella.

SUBMITTER: Soza-Ossandon P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7366320 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Widespread Environmental Presence of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in an Equine Veterinary Hospital That Received Local and International Horses.

Soza-Ossandón Paula P Rivera Dácil D Tardone Rodolfo R Riquelme-Neira Roberto R García Patricia P Hamilton-West Christopher C Adell Aiko D AD González-Rocha Gerardo G Moreno-Switt Andrea I AI

Frontiers in veterinary science 20200710

<i>Salmonella enterica</i> is a highly infectious microorganism responsible for many outbreaks reported in equine hospitals. Outbreaks are characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, nosocomial transmission to other patients, zoonotic transmission to hospital personnel, and even closure of facilities. In this study, 545 samples (environmental and hospitalized patients) were collected monthly during a 1-year period from human and animal contact surfaces in an equine hospital that receive ...[more]

PMID: 32754619

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Project description:Background & aimsThe extent of entry of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from the community into the hospital and subsequent clonal spread amongst patients is unclear. To investigate the extent and direction of clonal spread of these bacteria within a large teaching hospital, we prospectively genotyped multidrug-resistant E. coli obtained from community- and hospital associated patient groups and compared the distribution of diverse genetic markers.MethodsA total of 222 E. coli, classified as multi-drug resistant according to national guidelines, were retrieved from both screening (n = 184) and non-screening clinical cultures (n = 38) from outpatients and patients hospitalized for various periods. All isolates were routinely genotyped using an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) assay and real-time PCR for CTX-M genes. Multi-locus sequence typing was additionally performed to confirm clusters. Based on demographics, patients were categorized into two groups: patients that were not hospitalized or less than 72 hours at time of strain isolation (group I) and patients that were hospitalized for at least 72 hours (group II).ResultsGenotyping showed that most multi-drug resistant E. coli either had unique AFLP profiles or grouped in small clusters of maximally 8 isolates. We identified one large ST131 clade comprising 31% of all isolates, containing several AFLP clusters with similar profiles. Although different AFLP clusters were found in the two patient groups, overall genetic heterogeneity was similar (35% vs 28% of isolates containing unique AFLP profiles, respectively). In addition, similar distributions of CTX-M groups, including CTX-M 15 (40% and 44% of isolates in group I and II, respectively) and ST131 (32% and 30% of isolates, respectively) were found.ConclusionWe conclude that multi-drug resistant E. coli from the CTX-M 15 associated lineage ST131 are widespread amongst both community- and hospital associated patient groups, with similar genetic diversity and similar distributions of genetic markers.

Project description:BackgroundEvidence is lacking concerning re-introduction of feed and water following colic surgery.ObjectivesTo describe current approaches of European and American specialists to re-introduction of feed and water in adult horses following surgical treatment of common intestinal lesions, assuming an uncomplicated recovery.Study designCross-sectional survey.MethodsElectronic invitations, with a link to the online survey, were sent to 1,430 large animal specialists, including Diplomates of the ECVS, ACVS, ECEIM and ACVIM colleges.ResultsThe response rate was 12.6% including partial respondent data. Responses for each multiple-choice question were between 123 and 178. Results are expressed as the percentage of the total number of responses and as a range where specific lesions are grouped together. Respondents reported that horses with large intestinal displacements were offered free choice water (63%-65%) within 3 hours (55%-63%), whereas horses with a small intestinal strangulating lesion were offered < 2 L water (64%-74%) 12-24 hours (28%-34%) post-operatively. Horses with a large colon displacement were offered feed within 3 hours of surgery (16%) with the majority offered feed 6-12 hours (35%-36%) post-operatively. Horses with small intestinal strangulating lesions and small colon lesions were offered feed 24-48 hours (34%-42%) after surgery. Following small intestinal, small colon or caecal lesions, horses were re-introduced feed in handfuls (79%-93%) and initially with grass (41%-54%). Horses with large colon displacements were mostly fed handfuls (49%-50%) of forage initially, but a number of respondents would offer larger quantities such as a small bucket (35%-37%) and predominantly of hay (50%-51%).Main limitationsLow response rate. This study did not take into account common post-operative complications that may alter the clinical approach.ConclusionsThis post-operative colic nutrition survey is the first to describe current clinical practice. Further research is required to investigate nutritional strategies in post-operative colic cases.

Dataset Information

Widespread Environmental Presence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella in an Equine Veterinary Hospital That Received Local and International Horses.

Publications

Widespread Environmental Presence of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in an Equine Veterinary Hospital That Received Local and International Horses.

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