Dietary Adaptation of Microbiota in Drosophila Requires NF-?B-Dependent Control of the Translational Regulator 4E-BP.

ABSTRACT: Dietary nutrients shape complex interactions between hosts and their commensal gut bacteria, further promoting flexibility in host-microbiota associations that can drive nutritional symbiosis. However, it remains less clear if diet-dependent host signaling mechanisms also influence these associations. Using Drosophila, we show here that nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B)/Relish, an innate immune transcription factor emerging as a signaling node linking nutrient-immune-metabolic interactions, is vital to adapt gut microbiota species composition to host diet macronutrient composition. We find that Relish is required within midgut enterocytes to amplify host-Lactobacillus associations, an important bacterial mediator of nutritional symbiosis, and thus modulate microbiota composition in response to dietary adaptation. Relish limits diet-dependent transcriptional inducibility of the cap-dependent translation inhibitor 4E-BP/Thor to control microbiota composition. Furthermore, maintaining cap-dependent translation in response to dietary adaptation is critical to amplify host-Lactobacillus associations. These results highlight that NF-?B-dependent host signaling mechanisms, in coordination with host translation control, shape diet-microbiota interactions.

SUBMITTER: Vandehoef C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7366522 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature