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Good neighbors, bad neighbors: the frequent network neighborhood mapping of the hippocampus enlightens several structural factors of the human intelligence on a 414-subject cohort.

ABSTRACT: The human connectome has become the very frequent subject of study of brain-scientists, psychologists and imaging experts in the last decade. With diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques, united with advanced data processing algorithms, today we are able to compute braingraphs with several hundred, anatomically identified nodes and thousands of edges, corresponding to the anatomical connections of the brain. The analysis of these graphs without refined mathematical tools is hopeless. These tools need to address the high error rate of the MRI processing workflow, and need to find structural causes or at least correlations of psychological properties and cerebral connections. Until now, structural connectomics was only rarely able of identifying such causes or correlations. In the present work we study the frequent neighbor sets of the most deeply investigated brain area, the hippocampus. By applying the Frequent Network Neighborhood mapping method, we identified frequent neighbor-sets of the hippocampus, which may influence numerous psychological parameters, including intelligence-related ones. We have found "Good Neighbor" sets, which correlate with better test results and also "Bad Neighbor" sets, which correlate with worse test results. Our study utilizes the braingraphs, computed from the imaging data of the Human Connectome Project's 414 subjects, each with 463 anatomically identified nodes.

SUBMITTER: Fellner M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7371878 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Good neighbors, bad neighbors: the frequent network neighborhood mapping of the hippocampus enlightens several structural factors of the human intelligence on a 414-subject cohort.

Fellner Máté M Varga Bálint B Grolmusz Vince V

Scientific reports 20200720 1

The human connectome has become the very frequent subject of study of brain-scientists, psychologists and imaging experts in the last decade. With diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques, united with advanced data processing algorithms, today we are able to compute braingraphs with several hundred, anatomically identified nodes and thousands of edges, corresponding to the anatomical connections of the brain. The analysis of these graphs without refined mathematical tools is hopeless. The ...[more]

PMID: 32686740

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Project description:BackgroundInsulin shares a limited physiological concentration range with other endocrine hormones. Not only too low, but also too high systemic insulin levels are detrimental for body functions.Main bodyThe physiological function and clinical relevance of insulin are usually seen in association with its role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. However, insulin is an anabolic hormone which stimulates a large number of cellular responses. Not only too low, but also excess insulin concentrations are detrimental to the physiological balance. Although the glucoregulatory activity of insulin is mitigated during hyperinsulinemia by dampening the efficiency of insulin signaling ("insulin resistance"), this is not the case for most other hormonal actions of insulin, including the promotion of protein synthesis, de novo lipogenesis, and cell proliferation; the inhibition of lipolysis, of autophagy-dependent cellular turnover, and of nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)-dependent antioxidative; and other defense mechanisms. Hence, there is no general insulin resistance but selective impairment of insulin signaling which causes less glucose uptake from the blood and reduced activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Because of the largely unrestricted insulin signaling, hyperinsulinemia increases the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease and decreases health span and life expectancy. In epidemiological studies, high-dose insulin therapy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Randomized controlled trials of insulin treatment did not observe any effect on disease risk, but these trials only studied low insulin doses up to 40 IU/day. Proof for a causal link between elevated insulin levels and cardiovascular disease risk comes from Mendelian randomization studies comparing individuals with genetically controlled low or high insulin production.ConclusionsThe detrimental actions of prolonged high insulin concentrations, seen also in cell culture, argue in favor of a lifestyle that limits circadian insulin levels. The health risks associated with hyperinsulinemia may have implications for treatment regimens used in type 2 diabetes.

Dataset Information

Good neighbors, bad neighbors: the frequent network neighborhood mapping of the hippocampus enlightens several structural factors of the human intelligence on a 414-subject cohort.

Publications

Good neighbors, bad neighbors: the frequent network neighborhood mapping of the hippocampus enlightens several structural factors of the human intelligence on a 414-subject cohort.

Similar Datasets

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