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Tongue diagnosis indices for gastroesophageal reflux disease: A cross-sectional, case-controlled observational study.

ABSTRACT: Traditional Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis can mirror the status of the internal organ, but evidence is lacking regarding the accuracy of tongue diagnosis to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study was to investigate the association between GERD and tongue manifestation, and whether tongue imaging could be initial diagnosis of GERD noninvasively.We conducted a cross-sectional, case-controlled observational study at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan from January 2016 to September 2017. Participants aged over 20 years old with GERD were enrolled and control group without GERD were matched by sex. Tongue imaging were acquired with automatic tongue diagnosis system, then followed by endoscope examination. Nine tongue features were extracted, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, analysis of variance, and logistic regression were used.Each group enrolled 67 participants. We found that the saliva amount (P?=?.009) and thickness of the tongue's fur (P?=?.036), especially that in the spleen-stomach area (%) (P?=?.029), were significantly greater in patients with GERD than in those without. The areas under the ROC curve of the amount of saliva and tongue fur in the spleen-stomach area (%) were 0.606?±?0.049 and 0.615?±?0.050, respectively. Additionally, as the value of the amount of saliva and tongue fur in the spleen-stomach area (%) increased, the risk of GERD rose by 3.621 and 1.019 times, respectively. The tongue fur in the spleen-stomach area (%) related to severity of GERD from grade 0 to greater than grade B were 51.67?±?18.72, 58.10?±?24.60, and 67.29?±?24.84, respectively.The amount of saliva and tongue fur in the spleen-stomach area (%) might predict the risk and severity of GERD and might be noninvasive indicators of GERD. Further large-scale, multi-center, randomized investigations are needed to confirm the results.Trial registration: NCT03258216, registered August 23, 2017.

SUBMITTER: Wu TC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7373596 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tongue diagnosis indices for gastroesophageal reflux disease: A cross-sectional, case-controlled observational study.

Wu Tzu-Chan TC Lu Cheng-Nan CN Hu Wen-Long WL Wu Keng-Liang KL Chiang John Y JY Sheen Jer-Ming JM Hung Yu-Chiang YC

Medicine 20200701 29

Traditional Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis can mirror the status of the internal organ, but evidence is lacking regarding the accuracy of tongue diagnosis to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study was to investigate the association between GERD and tongue manifestation, and whether tongue imaging could be initial diagnosis of GERD noninvasively.We conducted a cross-sectional, case-controlled observational study at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan from January 2016 ...[more]

PMID: 32702810

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Project description:BackgroundPrimary care physicians (PCPs) play a pivotal role in the management of illnesses of the digestive tract. The study aim was to assess the adherence of PCPs to the guidelines on the management of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in adults.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study during March-July 2017 using the survey platform of Maccabi Healthcare Services in Israel. The study questionnaire assessed adherence to the Maastricht/Florence guidelines on H. pylori infection and the American College of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of GERD. We sent the study questionnaires to a random sample of 610 PCPs via electronic mails. We contacted those who did not respond by telephone; eventually 180 physicians completed the survey.ResultsNinety (50%) and 60 (36%) of the responders reported using professional guidelines for the diagnosis and management of H. pylori infection and GERD, respectively. Of the 180 participants, 153 (85%) reported referring patients with suspected peptic ulcer disease to H. pylori testing, 109 (61%) reported referring patients with unexplained iron deficiency anemia and 83 (46%) refer relatives of gastric cancer patients. In caring for young patients who have dyspepsia without alarm symptoms, 127 (74%) reported referral to a urea breath test for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, and 136 (81%) referral to a specialist in gastroenterology if alarm symptoms present. Triple therapy with proton pump inhibitors/clarithromycin/amoxicillin or metronidazole was reported as first-line therapy by 141 (83%) participants. For GERD, 94-98% of the participants followed the appropriate recommendations.ConclusionsWe identified gaps between the practices of PCPs and the guidelines on H. pylori infection management, while guidelines on GERD management are well adopted. Simplification of the guidelines and exploring barriers towards their implementation by PCPs is warranted.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a very common disorder worldwide, comprised of reflux esophagitis (RE) and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). As more than half of GERD patients are classified into the NERD group, precise evaluation of bothersome epigastric symptoms is essential. Nevertheless, compared with many reports targeting endoscopic reflux esophagitis, large-scale studies focusing on GERD symptoms have been very scarce. METHODS: To elucidate lifestyle factors affecting GERD symptoms, 19,864 healthy adults in Japan were analyzed. Sub-analyses of 371 proton pump inhibitor (PPI) users and 539 histamine H?-receptor antagonist (H?RA) users were also performed. Using the FSSG (Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD) score as a response variable, 25 lifestyle-related factors were univariately evaluated by Student's t-test or Pearson's correlation coefficient, and were further analyzed with multiple linear regression modelling. RESULTS: Average FSSG scores were 4.8 ± 5.2 for total subjects, 9.0 ± 7.3 for PPI users, and 8.2 ± 6.6 for H?RA users. Among the total population, positively correlated factors and standardized coefficients (?) for FSSG scores are inadequate sleep (? = 0.158), digestive drug users (? = 0.0972 for PPI, ? = 0.0903 for H?RA, and ? = 0.104 for others), increased body weight in adulthood (? = 0.081), dinner just before bedtime (? = 0.061), the habit of midnight snack (? = 0.055), lower body mass index (? = 0.054), NSAID users (? = 0.051), female gender (? = 0.048), lack of breakfast (? = 0.045), lack of physical exercise (? = 0.035), younger age (? = 0.033), antihyperglycemic agents non-users (? = 0.026), the habit of quick eating (? = 0.025), alcohol drinking (? = 0.025), history of gastrectomy (? = 0.024), history of cardiovascular disease (? = 0.020), and smoking (? = 0.018). Positively correlated factors for PPI users are female gender (? = 0.198), inadequate sleep (? = 0.150), lack of breakfast (? = 0.146), antihypertensive agent non-users (? = 0.134), and dinner just before bedtime (? = 0.129), whereas those for H?RA users are inadequate sleep (? = 0.248), habit of midnight snack (? = 0.160), anticoagulants non-users (? = 0.106), and antihypertensive agents non-users (? = 0.095). CONCLUSIONS: Among many lifestyle-related factors correlated with GERD symptoms, poor quality of sleep and irregular dietary habits are strong risk factors for high FSSG scores. At present, usual dose of PPI or H?RA in Japan cannot fully relieve GERD symptoms.

Project description:AbstractThe study's aim was to determine if there was an association between gastric morphology and gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Few published studies have investigated the relationship between gastric morphology and the risk of GER.A total of 777 patients were randomly selected from 3000 to 3300 patients who presented at a medical center in Taipei for annual health checkups from early 2008 through to late 2010 and underwent a series of radiographs of the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI). GER was recorded during the real-time fluoroscopic study. Thirty-nine participants had a follow-up endoscopy, and another 164 participants were followed up by a second UGI series 12 +/ -1.5 months later, from late 2008 through to early 2022. All participants completed a lifestyle and symptom questionnaire. The variables included current smoking and alcohol consumption. Participants who had heartburn and dysphagia were included in the study. Additionally, all participants underwent a limited physical examination which recorded age, sex, body mass index, and total cholesterol and triglyceride levels.All participants were classified into types 1 to 6 based on the gastric morphology determined from the first UGI. Cascade stomach is recognized by characteristic findings on UGI. Gastric types 2 and 3 tend to appear as cascade stomachs and were significantly associated with GER (P < .05) compared with the other groups. Morphologic type 5 appeared as an elongated sac extending downward into the pelvic cavity and was less likely to develop GER (P < .001). The results of follow-up studies by UGI and endoscopy were similar to those of the first UGI. Gastric morphologic type 2 was significantly associated, and type 5 was usually not associated, with GER and erosive esophagitis (P < .05) compared with the other groups, by both UGI and endoscopy.Gastric morphologic types 2 and 3, with cascade stomach, might provide a relatively easy method for the development of the GER phenomenon. Gastric morphologic type 5 appeared as an elongated sac that might reduce the incidence of the GER phenomenon. The study suggested that gastric morphologic type could influence the occurrence of GER.

Dataset Information

Tongue diagnosis indices for gastroesophageal reflux disease: A cross-sectional, case-controlled observational study.

Publications

Tongue diagnosis indices for gastroesophageal reflux disease: A cross-sectional, case-controlled observational study.

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