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Potential role of compost mixed biochar with rhizobacteria in mitigating lead toxicity in spinach.

ABSTRACT: Consumption of heavy metals, especially lead (Pb) contaminated food is a serious threat to human health. Higher Pb uptake by the plant affects the quality, growth and yield of crops. However, inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) along with a mixture of organic amendments and biochar could be an effective way to overcome the problem of Pb toxicity. That's why current pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of compost mixed biochar (CB) and ACC deaminase producing PGPR on growth and yield of spinach plants under artificially induced Pb toxicity. Six different treatments i.e., control, Alcaligenes faecalis (PGPR1), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (PGPR2), compost?+?biochar (CB), PGPR1?+?CB and PGPR2?+?CB were applied under 250 mg Pb kg-1 soil. Results showed that inoculation of PGPRs (Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) alone and along with CB significantly enhanced root fresh (47%) and dry weight (31%), potassium concentration (11%) in the spinach plant. Whereas, CB?+?Bacillus amyloliquefaciens significantly decreased (43%) the concentration of Pb in the spinach root over control. In conclusion, CB?+?Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has the potential to mitigate the Pb induced toxicity in the spinach. The obtained result can be further used in the planning and execution of rhizobacteria and compost mixed biochar-based soil amendment.

SUBMITTER: Zafar-Ul-Hye M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7376197 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Potential role of compost mixed biochar with rhizobacteria in mitigating lead toxicity in spinach.

Zafar-Ul-Hye Muhammad M Tahzeeb-Ul-Hassan Muhammad M Abid Muhammad M Fahad Shah S Brtnicky Martin M Dokulilova Tereza T Datta Rahul R Danish Subhan S

Scientific reports 20200722 1

Consumption of heavy metals, especially lead (Pb) contaminated food is a serious threat to human health. Higher Pb uptake by the plant affects the quality, growth and yield of crops. However, inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) along with a mixture of organic amendments and biochar could be an effective way to overcome the problem of Pb toxicity. That's why current pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of compost mixed biochar (CB) and ACC deaminase produc ...[more]

PMID: 32699323

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Project description:BackgroundIpomoea aquatica (Convolvulaceae), an aquatic edible plant, is traditionally used against heavy metal toxicity in India. The current study intended to explore the protective role of edible (aqueous) extract of I. aquatica (AEIA) against experimentally induced Pb-intoxication.MethodsThe cytoprotective role of AEIA was measured on mouse hepatocytes by cell viability assay followed by Hoechst staining and flow cytometric assay. The effect on ROS production, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, intracellular redox status were measured after incubating the hepatocytes with Pb-acetate (6.8 ?M) along with AEIA (400 ?g/ml). The effects on the expressions of apoptotic signal proteins were estimated by western blotting. The protective role of AEIA was measured by in vivo assay in mice. Haematological, serum biochemical, tissue redox status, Pb bioaccumulation and histological parameters were evaluated to estimate the protective role of AEIA (100 mg/kg) against Pb-acetate (5 mg/kg) intoxication.ResultsPb-acetate treated hepatocytes showed a gradual reduction of cell viability dose-dependently with an IC50 value of 6.8 ?M. Pb-acetate treated hepatocytes exhibited significantly enhanced levels (p < 0.01) of ROS production, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation with concomitant depletion (p < 0.01) of antioxidant enzymes and GSH. However, AEIA treatment could significantly restore the aforementioned parameters in murine hepatocytes near to normalcy. Besides, AEIA significantly reversed (p < 0.05-0.01) the alterations of transcription levels of apoptotic proteins viz. Bcl 2, Bad, Cyt C, Apaf-1, cleaved caspases [caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9], Fas and Bid. In in vivo bioassay, Pb-acetate treatment caused significantly high intracellular Pb burden and oxidative pressure in the kidney, liver, heart, brain and testes in mice. In addition, the haematological and serum biochemical factors were changed significantly in Pb-acetate-treated animals. AEIA treatment restored significantly the evaluated-parameters to the near-normal position.ConclusionThe extract may offer the protective effect via counteracting with Pb mediated oxidative stress and/or promoting the elimination of Pb by chelating. The presence of substantial quantities of flavonoids, phenolics and saponins would be responsible for the overall protective effect.

Project description:Slow release of nitrate by charred organic matter used as a soil amendment (i.e. biochar) was recently suggested as potential mechanism of nutrient delivery to plants which may explain some agronomic benefits of biochar. So far, isolated soil-aged and composted biochar particles were shown to release considerable amounts of nitrate only in extended (>1 h) extractions ("slow release"). In this study, we quantified nitrate and ammonium release by biochar-amended soil and compost during up to 167 h of repeated extractions in up to six consecutive steps to determine the effect of biochar on the overall mineral nitrogen retention. We used composts produced from mixed manures amended with three contrasting biochars prior to aerobic composting and a loamy soil that was amended with biochar three years prior to analysis and compared both to non-biochar amended controls. Composts were extracted with 2 M KCl at 22°C and 65°C, after sterilization, after treatment with H2O2, after removing biochar particles or without any modification. Soils were extracted with 2 M KCl at 22°C. Ammonium was continuously released during the extractions, independent of biochar amendment and is probably the result of abiotic ammonification. For the pure compost, nitrate extraction was complete after 1 h, while from biochar-amended composts, up to 30% of total nitrate extracted was only released during subsequent extraction steps. The loamy soil released 70% of its total nitrate amount in subsequent extractions, the biochar-amended soil 58%. However, biochar amendment doubled the amount of total extractable nitrate. Thus, biochar nitrate capture can be a relevant contribution to the overall nitrate retention in agroecosystems. Our results also indicate that the total nitrate amount in biochar amended soils and composts may frequently be underestimated. Furthermore, biochars could prevent nitrate loss from agroecosystems and may be developed into slow-release fertilizers to reduce global N fertilizer demands.

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Project description:Objective- Calcific aortic valve disease is a prominent finding in elderly and in patients with chronic kidney disease. We investigated the potential role of iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of calcific aortic valve disease. Approach and Results- Cultured valvular interstitial cells of stenotic aortic valve with calcification from patients undergoing valve replacement exhibited significant susceptibility to mineralization/osteoblastic transdifferentiation in response to phosphate. This process was abrogated by iron via induction of H-ferritin as reflected by lowering ALP and osteocalcin secretion and preventing extracellular calcium deposition. Cellular phosphate uptake and accumulation of lysosomal phosphate were decreased. Accordingly, expression of phosphate transporters Pit1 and Pit2 were repressed. Translocation of ferritin into lysosomes occurred with high phosphate-binding capacity. Importantly, ferritin reduced nuclear accumulation of RUNX2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), and as a reciprocal effect, it enhanced nuclear localization of transcription factor Sox9 (SRY [sex-determining region Y]-box 9). Pyrophosphate generation was also increased via upregulation of ENPP2 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-2). 3H-1, 2-dithiole-3-thione mimicked these beneficial effects in valvular interstitial cell via induction of H-ferritin. Ferroxidase activity of H-ferritin was essential for this function, as ceruloplasmin exhibited similar inhibitory functions. Histological analysis of stenotic aortic valve revealed high expression of H-ferritin without iron accumulation and its relative dominance over ALP in noncalcified regions. Increased expression of H-ferritin accompanied by elevation of TNF-? (tumor necrosis factor-?) and IL-1? (interleukin-1?) levels, inducers of H-ferritin, corroborates the essential role of ferritin/ferroxidase via attenuating inflammation in calcific aortic valve disease. Conclusions- Our results indicate that H-ferritin is a stratagem in mitigating valvular mineralization/osteoblastic differentiation. Utilization of 3H-1, 2-dithiole-3-thione to induce ferritin expression may prove a novel therapeutic potential in valvular mineralization.

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Potential role of compost mixed biochar with rhizobacteria in mitigating lead toxicity in spinach.

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Potential role of compost mixed biochar with rhizobacteria in mitigating lead toxicity in spinach.

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