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Systematic Characterization and Longitudinal Study Reveal Distinguishing Features of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in China.

ABSTRACT: Background:Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk contribute to the development of the neonatal microbiota and immune system. However, longitudinal studies examining HMO profiles of Chinese mothers remain scarce. Objectives:We aimed to analyze HMO profiles, including their composition, concentrations, and changes during lactation, in milk of Chinese mothers. Methods:A total of 822 milk samples from 222 mothers were collected, of which 163 mothers provided single samples. Samples from the remaining 59 mothers were collected on day 3, day 7, and thereafter every 7 or 14 d until day 168. 24 HMOs were studied using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. Secretor and nonsecretor status were determined based on Lewis blood types and a defined 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) threshold. Results:Of the 222 mothers, 77% were secretors and 23% were nonsecretors. The longitudinal study involving 59 mothers showed that the total HMOs in secretors were significantly greater than those in nonsecretors during the first 2 wk. Acidic HMOs decreased significantly during lactation and were similar between secretors and nonsecretors. Among neutral HMOs, distinctive differences were observed. Nonfucosylated and ?-1-3/4-fucosylated HMOs in nonsecretors were significantly higher than those in secretors during the first month. In contrast, ?-1-2-fucosylated HMOs in secretors were significantly higher than those in nonsecretors throughout 168 d. In secretors, 2'-FL concentrations peaked at (mean ± SEM) 3.02 ± 0.14 g/L (day 3) followed by significant decreases. In nonsecretors, 2'-FL concentrations were fairly low throughout 168 d. Of the 24 studied HMOs, only 3-fucosyllactose concentrations increased during lactation in both secretor and nonsecretor mothers. Conclusions:Our study showed dynamic changes of 24 HMOs in secretors and nonsecretors during lactation and revealed unique features of these HMO profiles in the milk of Chinese mothers. Interestingly, 2'-FL concentrations in secretors were found to be lower than those of Western populations but higher than those of African populations.

SUBMITTER: Wu J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7382630 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Systematic Characterization and Longitudinal Study Reveal Distinguishing Features of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in China.

Wu Jiayi J Wu Shaohui S Huo Jinhong J Ruan Hongbo H Xu Xiaofei X Hao Zhanxi Z Wei Yuan'an Y

Current developments in nutrition 20200702 8

<h4>Background</h4>Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk contribute to the development of the neonatal microbiota and immune system. However, longitudinal studies examining HMO profiles of Chinese mothers remain scarce.<h4>Objectives</h4>We aimed to analyze HMO profiles, including their composition, concentrations, and changes during lactation, in milk of Chinese mothers.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 822 milk samples from 222 mothers were collected, of which 163 mothers provided single ...[more]

PMID: 32734137

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Project description:BackgroundHuman milk is the recommended and sole nutrient source for newborns. One of the largest components of human milk is oligosaccharides (HMOs) with major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene. HMO variation has been related with infant microbiota establishment, diarrhea incidence, morbidity and mortality, IgE associated eczema and body composition.ObjectivesWe investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2'FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life.DesignFrom an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2'FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL). We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2'FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12-42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880-2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. Infant anthropometric measures were recorded at birth, 1, 2 and 4 months of age. Relations among the quantified HMOs and the relation of the high and low 2'FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters were investigated via linear mixed models.ResultsThe milk samples with low 2'FL concentration had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2'FL. The milk 3'- and 6'SL concentrations were independent of 2'FL. Over lactation time we observed a drop in the concentration of 2'FL, LNT, LNnT and 6'SL, especially from 1 to 2 months, while 3'SL remained at relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards. Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition.ConclusionsOur findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2'FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are 'co-regulated' with the FUT2 dependent 2'FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. Further, our findings also suggest that the relatively substantial variation in HMOs between the high and low 2'FL clusters do not impact infant growth of either sex up to 4 months of age. The study was registered in www.ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT01805011).

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Systematic Characterization and Longitudinal Study Reveal Distinguishing Features of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in China.

Publications

Systematic Characterization and Longitudinal Study Reveal Distinguishing Features of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in China.

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