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Characterization of fecal sludge as biomass feedstock for thermal treatment in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

ABSTRACT: Background: Transformative sanitation technologies aim to treat fecal sludge (FS) by thermal processes and recover resources from it. There is a paucity of data describing the relevant properties of FS as viable feedstock for thermal treatment in major geographical target areas, such as India. Methods: This study characterized FS collected from septic tanks in two cities located in the Indian southern state of Tamil Nadu. FS samples were obtained at the point of discharge from trucks in Tiruppur (n=85 samples) and Coimbatore (n=50 samples). Additionally, biosolids obtained from sewage treatment plants (STP) in the cities of Coimbatore and Madurai were characterized. Total solids (TS) were measured, and proximate and ultimate analysis were conducted according to methods used by the fuel industry. Additionally, the ash content was analyzed for heavy metal using standard methods. Results: The average higher heating value (HHV) across all FS samples in Tiruppur (13.4 MJ/kg) was significantly higher than in Coimbatore (5.4 MJ/kg), which was partially attributed to the high ash content of 69% in the latter samples. The HHV of the biosolids samples ranged from 10 to 12.2 MJ/Kg. The average total solids (TS) content for FS was 3.3% and 2.0% for Tiruppur and Coimbatore respectively, while the median TS content for the two cities was 2.3% and 1.2%. The heavy metal content of the ash was found to be below the thresholds for land disposal. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies that has systematically characterized the calorific and mineral content of septage and biosolids in several cities in India. We expect these data to serve as input data in the design of thermal processes for fecal sludge treatment.

SUBMITTER: Barani V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7383100 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterization of fecal sludge as biomass feedstock for thermal treatment in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Barani Viswa V Hegarty-Craver Meghan M Rosario Praveen P Madhavan Prakash P Perumal Prasanna P Sasidaran Sarani S Basil Milan M Raj Antony A Berg Adrian B AB Stowell Andrea A Heaton Camille C Grego Sonia S

Gates open research 20180101

<b>Background</b>: Transformative sanitation technologies aim to treat fecal sludge (FS) by thermal processes and recover resources from it. There is a paucity of data describing the relevant properties of FS as viable feedstock for thermal treatment in major geographical target areas, such as India. <b>Methods</b>: This study characterized FS collected from septic tanks in two cities located in the Indian southern state of Tamil Nadu. FS samples were obtained at the point of discharge from truc ...[more]

PMID: 32803126

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Project description:BackgroundCardiac disease in pregnancy is a major contributor to maternal mortality in high, middle and low-income countries. Availability of data on outcomes of pregnancy in women with heart disease is important for planning resources to reduce maternal mortality. Prospective data on outcomes and risk predictors of mortality in pregnant women with heart disease (PWWHD) from low- and middle-income countries are scarce.MethodsThe Tamil Nadu Pregnancy and Heart Disease Registry (TNPHDR) is a prospective, multicentric and multidisciplinary registry of PWWHD from 29 participating sites including both public and private sectors, across the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The TNPHDR is aimed to provide data on incidence of maternal and fetal outcomes, adverse outcome predictors, applicability of the modified World Health Organization (mWHO) classification of maternal cardiovascular risk and the International risk scoring systems (ZAHARA and CARPREG I & II) in Indian population and identify possible gaps in the existing management of PWWHD. Pregnancy and heart teams will be formed in all participating sites. Baseline demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging parameters, data on counselling received, antenatal triage and management, peripartum management and postpartum care will be collected from 2500 eligible participants as part of the TNPHDR. Participants will be followed up at one, three and six-months after delivery/termination of pregnancy to document study outcomes. Predictors of maternal and foetal outcome will be identified.DiscussionThe TNPHDR will be the first representative registry from low- and middle-income countries aimed at providing crucial information on pregnancy outcomes and risk predictors in PWWHD. The results of TNPHDR could help to formulate steps for improved care and to generate a customised and practical guideline for managing pregnancy in women with heart disease in limited resource settings.Trial registrationThe TNPHDR is registered under Clinical Trials Registry-India ( CTRI/2020/01/022736 ).

Project description:India retains the world's largest burden of anemia despite decades of economic growth and anemia prevention programming. Accurate screening and estimates of anemia prevalence are critical for successful anemia control. Evidence is mixed on the performance of HemoCue, a point-of-care testing device most widely used for large-scale surveys. The use of dried blood spots (DBS) to assess hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is a potential alternative, particularly in field settings. The objective of this study is to assess Hb measurement agreement between capillary HemoCue and DBS among two age groups, children 6-59 months and females age 12-40 years. We analyzed data from the baseline round of a cluster randomized rice fortification intervention in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India. Capillary blood was collected from a subset of participants for Hb assessment by HemoCue 301 and DBS methods. We calculated Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, and tested bias by conducting paired t-tests of Hb concentration. Independence of the bias and Hb magnitude was examined visually using Bland-Altman plots and statistically tested by Pearson's correlation. We assessed differences in anemia classification using McNemar's test of marginal homogeneity. Concordance between HemoCue and DBS Hb measures was moderate for both children 6-59 months (ρc = 0.67; 95% CI 0.65, 0.71) and females 12-40 years (ρc = 0.67: 95% CI 0.64, 0.69). HemoCue measures were on average 0.06 g/dL higher than DBS for children (95% CI 0.002, 0.12; p = 0.043) and 0.29 g/dL lower than DBS for females (95% CI - 0.34, - 0.23; p < 0.0001). 50% and 56% of children were classified as anemic according to HemoCue and DBS, respectively (p < 0.0001). 55% and 47% of females were classified as anemic according to HemoCue and DBS, respectively (p < 0.0001). There is moderate statistical agreement of Hb concentration between HemoCue and DBS for both age groups. The choice of Hb assessment method has important implications for individual anemia diagnosis and population prevalence estimates. Further research is required to understand factors that influence the accuracy and reliability of DBS as a methodology for Hb assessment.

Dataset Information

Characterization of fecal sludge as biomass feedstock for thermal treatment in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Publications

Characterization of fecal sludge as biomass feedstock for thermal treatment in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

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