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Uncovering candidate genes responsive to salt stress in Salix matsudana (Koidz) by transcriptomic analysis.

ABSTRACT: Salix matsudana, a member of Salicaceae, is an important ornamental tree in China. Because of its capability to tolerate high salt conditions, S. matsudana also plays an important ecological role when grown along Chinese coastal beaches, where the salinity content is high. Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of higher salt tolerance in S. matsudana variety '9901' by identifying the associated genes through RNA sequencing and comparing differential gene expression between the S. matsudana salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive samples treated with 150 mM NaCl. Transcriptomic comparison of the roots of the two samples revealed 2174 and 3159 genes responsive to salt stress in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant sample, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of 9 of the responsive genes revealed a strong, positive correlation with RNA sequencing data. The genes were enriched in several pathways, including carbon metabolism pathway, plant-pathogen interaction pathway, and plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding transcription factors associated with abiotic stress responses and salt stress response network were identified; their expression levels differed between the two samples in response to salt stress. Hub genes were also revealed by weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) analysis. For functional analysis of the DEG encoding sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase), the gene was overexpressed in transgenic Arabidopsis, resulting in increased photosynthetic rates, sucrose and starch accumulation, and enhanced salt tolerance. Further functional characterization of other hub DEGs will reveal the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in S. matsudana and allow the application of S. matsudana in coastal afforestation.

SUBMITTER: Chen Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7410171 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Uncovering candidate genes responsive to salt stress in Salix matsudana (Koidz) by transcriptomic analysis.

Chen Yanhong Y Jiang Yuna Y Chen Yu Y Feng Wenxiang W Liu Guoyuan G Yu Chunmei C Lian Bolin B Zhong Fei F Zhang Jian J Zhang Jian J

PloS one 20200806 8

Salix matsudana, a member of Salicaceae, is an important ornamental tree in China. Because of its capability to tolerate high salt conditions, S. matsudana also plays an important ecological role when grown along Chinese coastal beaches, where the salinity content is high. Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of higher salt tolerance in S. matsudana variety '9901' by identifying the associated genes through RNA sequencing and comparing differential gene expression between the S. matsudana s ...[more]

PMID: 32760076

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Project description:To identify the key indicators for salt tolerance evaluation of Salix matsudana Koidz, we explored the relationship of ion absorption and distribution with chlorophyll, fluorescence parameters (leaf performance index, maximum photochemical efficiency), and photosynthetic gas parameters (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration) under salt stress. We established 4 treatment groups and one control group based on salinity levels of NaCl hydroponic solutions (171, 342, 513, and 684 mm). The Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic parameters of leaves were measured on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, 11th, and 15th days to analyze the correlations of chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters to the ion distribution ratio. The results showed that (1) The ratio of the dry weight of roots to leaves gradually increased with increasing salt concentration, whereas the water content of leaves and roots first increased and then decreased with increasing time. (2) The content of Na+, Na+/K+, and Na+/Ca2+ in roots and leaves increased with increasing salt stress concentration and treatment time, and the difference gradually narrowed. (3) Ca2+ was lost more than K+ under salt stress, and Na+/Ca2+ was more sensitive to the salt stress environment than Na+/K+. (4) Because the root system had a retention effect, both Na+/K+ and Na+/Ca2+ in roots under different NaCl concentrations and different treatment times were higher than those in leaves, and Na+/Ca2+ was much higher than Na+/K+ in roots. (5) Na+/K+ had a higher correlation with fluorescence parameters than Na+/Ca2+. Among them, Na+/K+ had a significantly negative correlation with the maximum photochemical efficiency, and the correlation coefficient R 2 was 0.8576. (6) Photosynthetic gas parameters had a higher correlation with Na+/Ca2+ than with Na+/K+. Among them, significantly negative correlations were noted between Na+/Ca2+ and Gs as well as between Na+/Ca2+ and E under salt stress. The correlation between Na+/Ca2+ and Gs was the highest with a correlation coefficient of 0.9368. (7) Na+/K+ and Na+/Ca2+ had no significant correlation with chlorophylls. Na+/Ca2+ was selected as a key index to evaluate the salt tolerance of S. matsudana Koidz, and the results provided a reference for analyzing the relationship between ion transport and distribution for photosynthesis.

Project description:BackgroundCadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element for plant growth. In plants, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methylglyoxal (MG) have emerged as vital signaling molecules that regulate plant growth processes under Cd stress. However, the effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a donor of H2S) and MG on Cd uptake, physiological responses, and gene expression patterns of Salix to Cd toxicity have been poorly understood. Here, Salix matsudana Koidz. seedlings were planted in plastic pot with applications of MG (108 mg kg- 1) and NaHS (50 mg kg- 1) under Cd (150 mg kg- 1) stress.ResultsCd treatment significantly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, but decreased the growth parameters in S. matsudana. However, NaHS and MG supplementation significantly decreased Cd concentration, ROS levels, and MDA content, and finally enhanced the growth parameters. Cd stress accelerated the activities of antioxidative enzymes and the relative expression levels of stress-related genes, which were further improved by NaHS and MG supplementation. However, the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) were sharply decreased under Cd stress. Conversely, NaHS and MG applications restored the MDHAR and DHAR activities compared with Cd-treated seedlings. Furthermore, Cd stress decreased the ratios of GSH/GSSG and AsA/DHA but considerably increased the H2S and MG levels and glyoxalase I-II system in S. matsudana, while the applications of MG and NaHS restored the redox status of AsA and GSH and further improved glyoxalase II activity. In addition, compared with AsA, GSH showed a more sensitive response to exogenous applications of MG and NaHS and plays more important role in the detoxification of Cd.ConclusionsThe present study illustrated the crucial roles of H2S and MG in reducing ROS-mediated oxidative damage to S. matsudana and revealed the vital role of GSH metabolism in regulating Cd-induced stress.

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Uncovering candidate genes responsive to salt stress in Salix matsudana (Koidz) by transcriptomic analysis.

Publications

Uncovering candidate genes responsive to salt stress in Salix matsudana (Koidz) by transcriptomic analysis.

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