Dataset Information

Local Abundance of Macular Xanthophyll Pigment Is Associated with Rod- and Cone-Mediated Vision in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

ABSTRACT: Purpose:We assessed the association between the abundance of macular xanthophyll carotenoid pigment using dual-wavelength autofluorescence and multimodal vision testing including rod-mediated dark adaptation (RMDA), a measure of retinoid re-supply, in adults ?60 years old with and without age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods:AMD severity was determined using the nine-step Age-Related Eye Disease Study grading. Tests probed cones (best-corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity), cones and rods (low-luminance visual acuity, low-luminance deficit, mesopic light sensitivity), or rods only (scotopic light sensitivity, RMDA). Signal attenuation by macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was estimated using a ratio of blue and green autofluorescence signal to yield mean MPOD in a 1°-diameter fovea-centered disk, mean MPOD in a 2°-diameter disk centered on a perifoveal RMDA test location, and macular pigment optical volume (MPOV, or integrated MPOD) in a 4°-diameter fovea-centered disk. Age-adjusted associations between vision and imaging measures were determined. Results:In 88 eyes of 88 subjects (age, 74.9 ± 5.8 years) with normal eyes (n = 32), early AMD (n = 23), or intermediate AMD (n = 33), foveal and perifoveal MPOD and MPOV were higher in the AMD eyes than in the normal eyes. At the RMDA test location, higher MPOD was unrelated to AMD severity but was associated with faster RMDA. Conclusions:In older adults with and without AMD, higher macular xanthophyll concentrations are associated with better best-corrected visual acuity and RMDA. Data are consistent with a model of cone resilience and rod vulnerability in aging and AMD and can be further explored in a larger sample study.

SUBMITTER: Kar D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7425747 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Local Abundance of Macular Xanthophyll Pigment Is Associated with Rod- and Cone-Mediated Vision in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Kar Deepayan D Clark Mark E ME Swain Thomas A TA McGwin Gerald G Crosson Jason N JN Owsley Cynthia C Sloan Kenneth R KR Curcio Christine A CA

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 20200701 8

<h4>Purpose</h4>We assessed the association between the abundance of macular xanthophyll carotenoid pigment using dual-wavelength autofluorescence and multimodal vision testing including rod-mediated dark adaptation (RMDA), a measure of retinoid re-supply, in adults ≥60 years old with and without age-related macular degeneration (AMD).<h4>Methods</h4>AMD severity was determined using the nine-step Age-Related Eye Disease Study grading. Tests probed cones (best-corrected visual acuity, contrast s ...[more]

PMID: 32729911

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Project description:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in elderly populations, involves the loss of central vision due to progressive dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and subsequent loss of light-sensing photoreceptors. While age is a key risk factor, not every aged individual develops AMD. Thus, the critical question is what specific cellular changes tip the balance from healthy aging to disease. To distinguish between changes associated with aging and AMD, we compared the RPE proteome in human eye bank tissue from nondiseased donors during aging (n = 50, 29-91 years) and in donors with AMD (n = 36) compared to age-matched donors without disease (n = 28). Proteins from RPE cells were separated on two-dimensional gels, analyzed for content, and identified using mass spectrometry. A total of 58 proteins displayed significantly altered content with either aging or AMD. Proteins involved in metabolism, protein turnover, stress response, and cell death were altered with both aging and AMD. However, the direction of change was predominantly opposite. With aging, we detected an overall decrease in metabolism and reductions in stress-associated proteins, proteases, and chaperones. With AMD, we observed upregulation of metabolic proteins involved in glycolysis, TCA, and fatty acid metabolism, with a concurrent decline in oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting a reprogramming of energy utilization. Additionally, we detected upregulation of proteins involved in the stress response and protein turnover. Predicted upstream regulators also showed divergent results, with inhibition of inflammation and immune response with aging and activation of these processes with AMD. Our results support the idea that AMD is not simply advanced aging but rather the culmination of perturbed protein homeostasis, defective bioenergetics, and increased oxidative stress within the aging RPE, exacerbated by environmental factors and the genetic background of an individual.

Dataset Information

Local Abundance of Macular Xanthophyll Pigment Is Associated with Rod- and Cone-Mediated Vision in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Publications

Local Abundance of Macular Xanthophyll Pigment Is Associated with Rod- and Cone-Mediated Vision in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

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