Dataset Information

Non-random distribution of deleterious mutations in the DNA and protein-binding domains of IRF6 are associated with Van Der Woude syndrome.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The development of the face occurs during the early days of intrauterine life by the formation of facial processes from the first Pharyngeal arch. Derangement in these well-organized fusion events results in Orofacial clefts (OFC). Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is one of the most common causes of syndromic cleft lip and/or palate accounting for 2% of all cases. Mutations in the IRF6 gene account for 70% of cases with the majority of these mutations located in the DNA-binding (exon 3, 4) or protein-binding domains (exon 7-9). The current study was designed to update the list of IRF6 variants reported for VWS by compiling all the published mutations from 2013 to date as well as including the previously unreported VWS cases from Africa and Puerto Rico. METHODS:We used PubMed with the search terms; "Van der Woude syndrome," "Popliteal pterygium syndrome," "IRF6," and "Orofacial cleft" to identify eligible studies. We compiled the CADD score for all the mutations to determine the percentage of deleterious variants. RESULTS:Twenty-one new mutations were identified from nine papers. The majority of these mutations were in exon 4. Mutations in exon 3 and 4 had CADD scores between 20 and 30 and mutations in exon 7-9 had CADD scores between 30 and 40. The presence of higher CADD scores in the protein-binding domain (exon 7-9) further confirms the crucial role played by this domain in the function of IRF6. In the new cases, we identified five IRF6 mutations, three novel missense mutations (p.Phe36Tyr, p.Lys109Thr, and p.Gln438Leu), and two previously reported nonsense mutations (p.Ser424*and p.Arg250*). CONCLUSION:Mutations in the protein and DNA-binding domains of IRF6 ranked among the top 0.1% and 1% most deleterious genetic mutations, respectively. Overall, these findings expand the range of VWS mutations and are important for diagnostic and counseling purposes.

SUBMITTER: Alade AA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7434609 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Non-random distribution of deleterious mutations in the DNA and protein-binding domains of IRF6 are associated with Van Der Woude syndrome.

Alade Azeez A AA Buxo-Martinez Carmen J CJ Mossey Peter A PA Gowans Lord J J LJJ Eshete Mekonen A MA Adeyemo Wasiu L WL Naicker Thirona T Awotoye Waheed A WA Adeleke Chinyere C Busch Tamara T Toraño Ada M AM Bello Carolina A CA Soto Mairim M Soto Marilyn M Ledesma Ricardo R Marquez Myrellis M Cordero Jose F JF Lopez-Del Valle Lydia M LM Salcedo Maria I MI Debs Natalio N Li Mary M Petrin Aline A Olotu Joy J Aldous Colleen C Olutayo James J Ogunlewe Modupe O MO Abate Fekir F Hailu Taye T Muhammed Ibrahim I Gravem Paul P Deribew Milliard M Gesses Mulualem M Hassan Mohaned M Pape John J Adeniyan Oluwole A OA Obiri-Yeboah Solomon S Arthur Fareed K N FKN Oti Alexander A AA Olatosi Olubukola O Miller Sara E SE Donkor Peter P Dunnwald Martine M MM Marazita Mary L ML Adeyemo Adebowale A AA Murray Jeffrey C JC Butali Azeez A

Molecular genetics & genomic medicine 20200617 8

<h4>Background</h4>The development of the face occurs during the early days of intrauterine life by the formation of facial processes from the first Pharyngeal arch. Derangement in these well-organized fusion events results in Orofacial clefts (OFC). Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is one of the most common causes of syndromic cleft lip and/or palate accounting for 2% of all cases. Mutations in the IRF6 gene account for 70% of cases with the majority of these mutations located in the DNA-binding (e ...[more]

PMID: 32558391

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Project description:BackgroundLoss-of-function mutations in interferon regulatory factor-6 (IRF6) are responsible for about 70% of cases of Van Der Woude Syndrome (VWS), an autosomal dominant developmental disorder characterized by pits and/or sinuses of the lower lip and cleft lip, cleft palate, or both.MethodsWe collected a Chinese Han VWS pedigree, performed sequencing and screening for the causal gene mutant. Initially, species conservation analysis and homology protein modeling were used to predict the potential pathogenicity of mutations. To test whether a VWS family-derived mutant variant of IRF6 retained function, we carried out rescue assays in irf6 maternal-null mutant zebrafish embryos. To assess protein stability, we overexpressed reference and family-variants of IRF6 in vitro.ResultsWe focused on a VWS family that includes a son with bilateral lip pits, uvula fissa and his father with bilateral cleft lip and palate. After sequencing and screening, a frameshift mutation of IRF6 was identified as the potential causal variant (NM.006147.3, c.1088-1091delTCTA; p.Ile363ArgfsTer33). The residues in this position are strongly conserved among species and homology modeling suggests the variant alters the protein structure. In irf6 maternal-null mutant zebrafish embryos the periderm differentiates abnormally and the embryos rupture and die during gastrulation. Injection of mRNA encoding the reference variant of human IRF6, but not of the frame-shift variant, rescued such embryos through gastrulation. Upon overexpression in HEK293FT cells, the IRF6 frame-shift mutant was relatively unstable and was preferentially targeted to the proteasome in comparison to the reference variant.ConclusionIn this VWS pedigree, a novel frameshift of IRF6 was identified as the likely causative gene variant. It is a lost function mutation which could not rescue abnormal periderm phenotype in irf6 maternal-null zebrafish and which causes the protein be unstable through proteasome-dependent degradation.

Dataset Information

Non-random distribution of deleterious mutations in the DNA and protein-binding domains of IRF6 are associated with Van Der Woude syndrome.

Publications

Non-random distribution of deleterious mutations in the DNA and protein-binding domains of IRF6 are associated with Van Der Woude syndrome.

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