Dataset Information

Bedload Transport Monitoring in Alpine Rivers: Variability in Swiss Plate Geophone Response.

ABSTRACT: Acoustic sensors are increasingly used to measure bedload transport in Alpine streams, notably the Swiss plate geophone (SPG) system. An impact experiment using artificial weights is developed in this paper to assess the variability in individual plate response and to evaluate the extent to which calibration coefficients can be transferred from calibrated plates to non-calibrated plates at a given measuring site and/or to other measuring sites. Results of the experiment over 43 plates at four measuring sites have notably shown (a) that the maximum amplitude (V) recorded by individual plates tends to evolve as a power law function of the impact energy (J), with an exponent slightly larger than 1, for all the plates at all measuring sites; (b) that there is a substantial propagation of energy across plates that should be taken into account for a better understanding of the signal response; (c) that the response of individual plates is in most cases consistent, which suggests that calibration coefficients are comparable within and in between measuring sites, but site-specific and plate-specific variabilities in signal response have to be considered for a detailed comparison.

SUBMITTER: Antoniazza G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7436244 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bedload Transport Monitoring in Alpine Rivers: Variability in Swiss Plate Geophone Response.

Antoniazza Gilles G Nicollier Tobias T Wyss Carlos R CR Boss Stefan S Rickenmann Dieter D

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 20200722 15

Acoustic sensors are increasingly used to measure bedload transport in Alpine streams, notably the Swiss plate geophone (SPG) system. An impact experiment using artificial weights is developed in this paper to assess the variability in individual plate response and to evaluate the extent to which calibration coefficients can be transferred from calibrated plates to non-calibrated plates at a given measuring site and/or to other measuring sites. Results of the experiment over 43 plates at four me ...[more]

PMID: 32707980

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Project description:BACKGROUND: In mammals, males typically have shorter lives than females. This difference is thought to be due to behavioural traits which enhance competitive abilities, and hence male reproductive success, but impair survival. Furthermore, in many species males usually show higher parasite burden than females. Consequently, the intensity of selection for genetic factors which reduce susceptibility to pathogens may differ between sexes. High variability at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes is believed to be advantageous for detecting and combating the range of infectious agents present in the environment. Increased heterozygosity at these immune genes is expected to be important for individual longevity. However, whether males in natural populations benefit more from MHC heterozygosity than females has rarely been investigated. We investigated this question in a long-term study of free-living Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), a polygynous mountain ungulate. RESULTS: Here we show that male chamois survive significantly (P = 0.022) longer if heterozygous at the MHC class II DRB locus, whereas females do not. Improved survival of males was not a result of heterozygote advantage per se, as background heterozygosity (estimated across twelve microsatellite loci) did not change significantly with age. Furthermore, reproductively active males depleted their body fat reserves earlier than females leading to significantly impaired survival rates in this sex (P < 0.008). This sex-difference was even more pronounced in areas affected by scabies, a severe parasitosis, as reproductively active males were less likely to survive than females. However, we did not find evidence for a survival advantage associated with specific MHC alleles in areas affected by scabies. CONCLUSIONS: Increased MHC class II DRB heterozygosity with age in males, suggests that MHC heterozygous males survive longer than homozygotes. Reproductively active males appear to be less likely to survive than females most likely because of the energetic challenge of the winter rut, accompanied by earlier depletion of their body fat stores, and a generally higher parasite burden. This scenario renders the MHC-mediated immune response more important for males than for females, which implies a relatively stronger selection pressure on MHC genes in males than in females.

Dataset Information

Bedload Transport Monitoring in Alpine Rivers: Variability in Swiss Plate Geophone Response.

Publications

Bedload Transport Monitoring in Alpine Rivers: Variability in Swiss Plate Geophone Response.

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