Dataset Information

The additive effect of biochar amendment and simulated nitrogen deposition stimulates the plant height, photosynthesis and accumulation of NPK in pecan (Carya illinoinensis) seedlings.

ABSTRACT: This work investigated the effective doses of biochar (BC) amendment with simulated nitrogen deposition on the stimulation of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) growth. A total of nine conditions combining three levels of BC-BC0, 0 t ha-1 year-1; BC20, 20 t ha-1 year-1; and BC40, 40 t ha-1 year-1-and three levels of simulated nitrogen deposition-N0, 0 kg N ha-1 year-1; N50, 50 kg N ha-1 year-1; and N150, 150 kg N ha-1 year-1-were applied throughout 1 year on the pecan-grafted seedlings of cultivar 'Pawnee'. The growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll and nutrient content in the seedlings were measured. The soil bulk density, pH, nitrogen content and enzymatic activities were also measured. Biochar amendment reduced soil bulk density and elevated soil pH. Meanwhile, aided by BC amendment, the inorganic nitrogen content and enzyme activities increased with increasing doses of nitrogen. In the absence of BC amendment, the seedlings' height, photosynthesis and chlorophyll pigments were only stimulated by a low level of simulated nitrogen deposition (N50), whereas a high level of simulated nitrogen deposition (N150) impeded the growth. The seedlings improved the most under the combined treatment of BC20N150, wherein the seedling heights, photosynthesis and total chlorophyll improved by 22 %, 70 % and 40 %, respectively, compared to those treated solely with BC20. Further increase of nitrogen retention in the soil by the BC40 did not further improve the growth of the seedlings, suggesting the possible mechanisms involve nutrient uptake and usage dynamic in the seedlings. The BC amendment alleviated the antagonist effect from simulated nitrogen deposition that suppressed the absorption of phosphorus, potassium and iron. The effect of applying both BC amendment and simulated nitrogen deposition to the growth of seedlings was additive at fertilizing tree species.

SUBMITTER: Hou Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7441530 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The additive effect of biochar amendment and simulated nitrogen deposition stimulates the plant height, photosynthesis and accumulation of NPK in pecan (Carya illinoinensis) seedlings.

Hou Zhiying Z Tang Yiquan Y Li Caiyun C Lim Kean-Jin KJ Wang Zhengjia Z

AoB PLANTS 20200726 4

This work investigated the effective doses of biochar (BC) amendment with simulated nitrogen deposition on the stimulation of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) growth. A total of nine conditions combining three levels of BC-BC0, 0 t ha-1 year-1; BC20, 20 t ha-1 year-1; and BC40, 40 t ha-1 year-1-and three levels of simulated nitrogen deposition-N0, 0 kg N ha-1 year-1; N50, 50 kg N ha-1 year-1 ...[more]

PMID: 32850109

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Project description:Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is an economically important nut crop known for its genetic diversity and adaptability to various climates. Understanding the growth variability, phenological traits, and population structure of pecan populations is crucial for breeding programs and conservation. In this study, plant growth and phenological traits were evaluated over three consecutive seasons (2015-2017) for 550 genotypes from 26 provenances. Significant variations in plant height, stem diameter, and budbreak were observed among provenances, with Southern provenances exhibiting faster growth and earlier budbreak compared to Northern provenances. Population structure analysis using SNP markers revealed eight distinct subpopulations, reflecting genetic differentiation among provenances. Notably, Southern Mexico collections formed two separate clusters, while Western collections, such as 'Allen 3', 'Allen 4', and 'Riverside', were distinguished from others. 'Burkett' and 'Apache' were grouped together due to their shared maternal parentage. Principal component analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis further supported subpopulation differentiation. Genetic differentiation among the 26 populations was evident, with six clusters highly in agreement with the subpopulations identified by STRUCTURE and fastSTRUCTURE. Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed distinct groups, corresponding to subpopulations identified by genetic analysis. Discriminant analysis of PCA (DAPC) based on provenance origin further supported the genetic structure, with clear separation of provenances into distinct clusters. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic diversity and growth patterns of pecan populations. Understanding the genetic basis of phenological traits and population structure is essential for selecting superior cultivars adapted to diverse environments. The identified subpopulations can guide breeding efforts to develop resilient rootstocks and contribute to the sustainable management of pecan genetic resources. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of pecan genetic diversity and informs conservation and breeding strategies for the long-term viability of pecan cultivation.

Project description:Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is an important nut tree species in its native areas in temperate and subtropical North America, and as an introduced crop in subtropical southeastern China as well. We used process-based modeling to assess the effects of climatic warming in southeastern China on the leaf-out phenology of pecan seedlings and the subsequent risk of "false springs," i.e., damage caused by low temperatures occurring as a result of prematurely leafing out. In order to maximize the biological realism of the model used in scenario simulations, we developed the model on the basis of experiments explicitly designed for determining the responses modeled. The model showed reasonable internal accuracy when calibrated against leaf-out observations in a whole-tree chamber (WTC) experiment with nine different natural-like fluctuating temperature treatments. The model was used to project the timing of leaf-out in the period 2022-2099 under the warming scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 in southeastern China. Two locations in the main pecan cultivation area in the northern subtropical zone and one location south of the main cultivation area were addressed. Generally, an advancing trend of leaf-out was projected for all the three locations under both warming scenarios, but in the southern location, a delay was projected under RCP8.5 in many years during the first decades of the 21st century. In the two northern locations, cold damage caused by false springs was projected to occur once in 15-26 years at most, suggesting that pecan cultivation can be continued relatively safely in these two locations. Paradoxically, more frequent cold damage was projected for the southern location than for the two northern locations. The results for the southern location also differed from those for the northern locations in that more frequent cold damage was projected under the RCP4.5 warming scenario (once in 6 years) than under the RCP8.5 scenario (once in 11 years) in the southern location. Due to the uncertainties of the model applied, our conclusions need to be re-examined in an additional experimental study and further model development based on it; but on the basis of our present results, we do not recommend starting large-scale pecan cultivation in locations south of the present main pecan cultivation area in southeastern subtropical China.

Dataset Information

The additive effect of biochar amendment and simulated nitrogen deposition stimulates the plant height, photosynthesis and accumulation of NPK in pecan (Carya illinoinensis) seedlings.

Publications

The additive effect of biochar amendment and simulated nitrogen deposition stimulates the plant height, photosynthesis and accumulation of NPK in pecan (<i>Carya illinoinensis</i>) seedlings.

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