Dataset Information

Application of carbon dioxide to the skin and muscle oxygenation of human lower-limb muscle sites during cold water immersion.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cold therapy has the disadvantage of inducing vasoconstriction in arterial and venous capillaries. The effects of carbon dioxide (CO₂) hot water depend mainly on not only cutaneous vasodilation but also muscle vasodilation. We examined the effects of artificial CO₂ cold water immersion (CCWI) on skin oxygenation and muscle oxygenation and the immersed skin temperature.

Subjects and methods

Fifteen healthy young males participated. CO₂-rich water containing CO₂ >1,150 ppm was prepared using a micro-bubble device. Each subject's single leg was immersed up to the knee in the CO₂-rich water (20 °C) for 15 min, followed by a 20-min recovery period. As a control study, a leg of the subject was immersed in cold tap-water at 20 °C (CWI). The skin temperature at the lower leg under water immersion (T_sk-WI) and the subject's thermal sensation at the immersed and non-immersed lower legs were measured throughout the experiment. We simultaneously measured the relative changes of local muscle oxygenation/deoxygenation compared to the basal values (?oxy[Hb+Mb], ?deoxy[Hb+Mb], and ?total[Hb+Mb]) at rest, which reflected the blood flow in the muscle, and we measured the tissue O₂ saturation (S_tO₂) by near-infrared spectroscopy on two regions of the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAS) muscles.

Results

Compared to the CWI results, the ?oxy[Hb+Mb] and ?total[Hb+Mb] in the TA muscle at CCWI were increased and continued at a steady state during the recovery period. In GAS muscle, the ?total[Hb+Mb] and ?deoxy[Hb+Mb] were increased during CCWI compared to CWI. Notably, S_tO₂values in both TA and GAS muscles were significantly increased during CCWI compared to CWI. In addition, compared to the CWI, a significant decrease in T_sk at the immersed leg after the CCWI was maintained until the end of the 20-min recovery, and the significant reduction continued.

Discussion

The combination of CO₂ and cold water can induce both more increased blood inflow into muscles and volume-related (total heme concentration) changes in deoxy[Hb+Mb] during the recovery period. The T_sk-WI stayed lower with the CCWI compared to the CWI, as it is associated with vasodilation by CO₂.

SUBMITTER: Yoshimura M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7444506 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Application of carbon dioxide to the skin and muscle oxygenation of human lower-limb muscle sites during cold water immersion.

Yoshimura Miho M Hojo Tatsuya T Yamamoto Hayato H Tachibana Misato M Nakamura Masatoshi M Tsutsumi Hiroaki H Fukuoka Yoshiyuki Y

PeerJ 20200821

<h4>Background</h4>Cold therapy has the disadvantage of inducing vasoconstriction in arterial and venous capillaries. The effects of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) hot water depend mainly on not only cutaneous vasodilation but also muscle vasodilation. We examined the effects of artificial CO<sub>2</sub> cold water immersion (CCWI) on skin oxygenation and muscle oxygenation and the immersed skin temperature.<h4>Subjects and methods</h4>Fifteen healthy young males participated. CO<sub>2</sub>-ri ...[more]

PMID: 32884861

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Dataset Information

Application of carbon dioxide to the skin and muscle oxygenation of human lower-limb muscle sites during cold water immersion.

Background

Subjects and methods

Results

Discussion

Publications

Application of carbon dioxide to the skin and muscle oxygenation of human lower-limb muscle sites during cold water immersion.

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