Dataset Information

Population Pharmacokinetics of Praziquantel in Pregnant and Lactating Filipino Women Infected with Schistosoma japonicum.

ABSTRACT: An estimated 40 million women of reproductive age are infected with one of three species of the waterborne parasite Schistosoma spp. Treatment with praziquantel (PZQ) via mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns is the mainstay of schistosomiasis control for populations living in areas of endemicity. The World Health Organization recommends that pregnant and lactating women be included in schistosomiasis MDA programs, and several recent studies have evaluated the safety and efficacy of PZQ use during pregnancy. To date, there are no data describing PZQ pharmacokinetics (PK) during pregnancy or among lactating postpartum women. As part of a randomized controlled trial investigating the safety and efficacy of PZQ during human pregnancy, we examined the PK of this therapeutic drug among three distinct cohorts of women infected with S. japonicum in Leyte, Philippines. Specifically, we studied the PK properties of PZQ among early- and late-gestation pregnant women (n = 15 each) and lactating postpartum women (n?=?15) with schistosomiasis. We found that women in early pregnancy had increased apparent clearance and lower area-under-the-curve (AUC0-24) values that may be related to physiological changes in drug clearance and/or changes in oral bioavailability. There was no relationship between body weight and apparent clearance. The mean ± standard deviation partition ratio of plasma to breast milk was 0.36. ± 0.13. The estimated median infant PZQ daily dose would be 0.037?mg/kg of body weight ingested from breast milk, which is significantly lower than the dosage required for antischistosomal activity and not known to be harmful to the infant. Our PK data do not support the suggestion to delay breastfeeding 72?h after taking PZQ. Results can help inform future drug efficacy studies in pregnant and lactating women with schistosomiasis.

SUBMITTER: Bustinduy AL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7449211 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Population Pharmacokinetics of Praziquantel in Pregnant and Lactating Filipino Women Infected with Schistosoma japonicum.

Bustinduy Amaya L AL Kolamunnage-Dona Ruwanthi R Mirochnick Mark H MH Capparelli Edmund V EV Tallo Veronica V Acosta Luz P LP Olveda Remigio M RM Friedman Jennifer F JF Hope William W WW

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 20200820 9

An estimated 40 million women of reproductive age are infected with one of three species of the waterborne parasite <i>Schistosoma</i> spp. Treatment with praziquantel (PZQ) via mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns is the mainstay of schistosomiasis control for populations living in areas of endemicity. The World Health Organization recommends that pregnant and lactating women be included in schistosomiasis MDA programs, and several recent studies have evaluated the safety and efficacy of PZ ...[more]

PMID: 32631820

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Rilpivirine pharmacokinetics is defined by its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Pregnancy can affect these factors by changes in cardiac output, protein binding, volume of distribution, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity. Rilpivirine is metabolized by CYP3A4. The impact of pregnancy on rilpivirine pharmacokinetics is largely unknown. METHODS:International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials P1026s is a multicenter, nonblinded, prospective study evaluating antiretroviral pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected pregnant women that included a cohort receiving rilpivirine 25 mg once daily as part of their combination antiretrovirals for clinical care. Thirty-two women were enrolled in this study. Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling was performed at steady state during the second trimester, the third trimester, and postpartum. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were obtained at delivery. Plasma rilpivirine concentration was measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; lower limit of quantitation was 10 ng/mL. RESULTS:Median (range) AUC0-24 were 1969 (867-4987, n = 15), 1669 (556-4312, n = 28), and 2387 (188-6736, n = 28) ng·h/mL in the second trimester, the third trimester, and postpartum, respectively (P < 0.05 for either trimester vs postpartum). Median (range) C24 were 63 (37-225, n = 17), 56 (<10-181, n = 30), and 81 (<10-299, n = 28) ng/mL (P < 0.05 for either trimester vs postpartum). High variability in pharmacokinetic parameters was observed between subjects. Median (range) cord blood/maternal concentration ratio was 0.55 (0.3-0.8, n = 21). Delivery HIV-1 RNA was ?50 copies per milliliter in 70% and ?400 copies per milliliter in 90% of women. Cmin were significantly lower at 15 visits with detectable HIV-1 RNA compared with 61 visits with undetectable HIV-1 RNA, 29 (<10-93) vs 63 (15-200) ng/mL (P = 0.0001). Cmin was below the protein binding-adjusted EC90 concentration (12.2 ng/mL) at 4 visits in 3 of 31 women (10%). CONCLUSIONS:Rilpivirine exposure is lower during pregnancy compared with postpartum and highly variable. Ninety percent of women had minimum concentrations above the protein binding-adjusted EC90 for rilpivirine.

Project description:BackgroundSchistosomiasis is a parasitic disease infecting more than 200 million people in the world. Although chemotherapy targeting on killing schistosomes is one of the main strategies in the disease control, there are few effective ways of dealing with liver fibrosis caused by the parasite infection in the chronic and advanced stages of schistosomiasis. For this reason, new strategies and prospective drugs, which exert antifibrotic effects, are urgently required.Methods and findingsThe antifibrotic effects of praziquantel were assessed in the murine models of schistosomiasis japonica. Murine fibrosis models were established by cutaneous infection with 14 ± 2 Schistosoma japonicum cercariae. Then, the mice of both chronic (8 weeks post-infection) and advanced (15 weeks post-infection) schistosomiasis were treated by gavage of praziquantel (250 mg/kg, once daily for 3 days) to eliminate worms, and followed by praziquantel anti-fibrosis treatment (300 mg/kg, twice daily for 30 days). The fibrosis-related parameters assessed were areas of collagen deposition, content of hydroxyproline and mRNA expressions of Col1?1, Col3?1, ?-SMA, TGF-?, MMP9, TIMP1, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-? of liver. Spleen weight index, alanine aminotransferase activity and liver portal venous pressure were also measured. The results showed that anti-fibrosis treatment improved liver fibrosis, splenomegaly, hepatic function, as well as liver portal hypertension. In order to confirm the anti-fibrotic properties of praziquantel, we established a CCL(4)-induced model and revealed that CCL(4)-induced liver fibrosis was inhibited by PZQ treatment for 30 days. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of praziquantel on mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). It is indicated that mRNA expressions of Col1?1, Col3?1, ?-SMA, TGF-?, MMP9 and TIMP1 of HSCs were all inhibited after praziquantel anti-parasite treatments.ConclusionsThe significant amelioration of hepatic fibrosis by praziquantel treatment validates it as a promising drug of anti-fibrosis and offers potential of a new chemotherapy for hepatic fibrosis resulting from schistosomiasis.

Dataset Information

Population Pharmacokinetics of Praziquantel in Pregnant and Lactating Filipino Women Infected with Schistosoma japonicum.

Publications

Population Pharmacokinetics of Praziquantel in Pregnant and Lactating Filipino Women Infected with Schistosoma japonicum.

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