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Nano-micrometer surface roughness gradients reveal topographical influences on differentiating responses of vascular cells on biodegradable magnesium.

ABSTRACT: Distinctively directing endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), potentially by surface topography cue, is of central importance for enhancing bioefficacy of vascular implants. For the first time, surface gradients with a broad range of nano-micrometer roughness are developed on Mg, a promising next-generation biodegradable metal, to carry out a systematic study on the response of ECs and SMCs. Cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation are quantified along gradients by high-throughput imaging, illustrating drastic divergence between ECs and SMCs, especially in highly rough regions. The profound role of surface topography overcoming the biochemical cue of released Mg2+ is unraveled at different roughness ranges for ECs and SMCs. Further insights into the underlying regulatory mechanism are gained at subcellular and gene levels. Our work enables high-efficient exploration of optimized surface morphology for modulating favored cell selectivity of promoting ECs and suppressing SMCs, providing a potential strategy to achieve rapid endothelialization for Mg.

SUBMITTER: Zhou K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7451920 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nano-micrometer surface roughness gradients reveal topographical influences on differentiating responses of vascular cells on biodegradable magnesium.

Zhou Ke K Li Yutong Y Zhang Lei L Jin Liang L Yuan Feng F Tan Jinyun J Yuan Guangyin G Pei Jia J

Bioactive materials 20200822 1

Distinctively directing endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), potentially by surface topography cue, is of central importance for enhancing bioefficacy of vascular implants. For the first time, surface gradients with a broad range of nano-micrometer roughness are developed on Mg, a promising next-generation biodegradable metal, to carry out a systematic study on the response of ECs and SMCs. Cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation are quantified along gradients by high-thro ...[more]

PMID: 32913933

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Project description:BackgroundTitanium implants that have been grit-blasted and acid-etched to produce a rough microtopography support more bone integration than do smooth-surfaced implants. In vitro studies have suggested that this is due to a stimulatory effect on osteoblasts. It is not known if grit-blasted and acid-etched Ti6Al4V implants also stimulate osteoblasts and increase bone formation clinically. In this study, we examined the effects of micrometer-scale-structured Ti6Al4V surfaces on cell responses in vitro and on tissue responses in vivo.MethodsTi6Al4V disks were either machined to produce smooth surfaces with an average roughness (Ra) of 0.2 microm or grit-blasted, resulting in an Ra of 2.0, 3.0, or 3.3 microm. Human osteoblast-like cells were cultured on the disks and on tissue culture polystyrene. The cell number, markers of osteoblast differentiation, and levels of local factors in the conditioned media were determined at confluence. In addition, Ti6Al4V pedicle screws with smooth or rough surfaces were implanted into the L4 and L5 vertebrae of fifteen two-year-old sheep. Osteointegration was evaluated at twelve weeks with histomorphometry and on the basis of removal torque.ResultsThe cell numbers on the Ti6Al4V surfaces were lower than those on the tissue culture polystyrene; the effect was greatest on the roughest surface. The alkaline-phosphatase-specific activity of cell lysates was decreased in a surface-dependent manner, whereas osteocalcin, prostaglandin E(2), transforming growth factor-beta1, and osteoprotegerin levels were higher on the rough surfaces. Bone-implant contact was greater around the rough-surfaced Ti6Al4V screws, and the torque needed to remove the rough screws from the bone was more than twice that required to remove the smooth screws.ConclusionsIncreased micrometer-scale surface roughness increases osteoblast differentiation and local factor production in vitro, which may contribute to increased bone formation and osteointegration in vivo. There was a correlation between in vitro and in vivo observations, indicating that the use of screws with rough surfaces will result in better bone-implant contact and implant stability.

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Nano-micrometer surface roughness gradients reveal topographical influences on differentiating responses of vascular cells on biodegradable magnesium.

Publications

Nano-micrometer surface roughness gradients reveal topographical influences on differentiating responses of vascular cells on biodegradable magnesium.

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