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Diet and physical activity practices of South Australian adolescents.

ABSTRACT: Adequate nutrition and physical activity are integral to health across the life course, with adolescence a crucial time for establishing health behaviours. This report describes self-reported dietary and physical activity behaviours of South Australian adolescents aged 12-17 years (N = 1324) surveyed in 2017. Healthy lifestyle behaviour engagement was low, with most (90.3%) adolescents not meeting Australia's recommended dietary or physical activity guidelines. Almost three-quarters (73.8%) of adolescents consumed the recommended daily amount of fruit. However, only 10.8% of adolescents met the recommended daily intake of vegetables, and large proportions regularly consumed unhealthy snacks (64.5%), fast foods, (30.7%) and sugary drinks (65.8%). Combined with the low adherence to physical activity guidelines, these findings highlight the need for effective targeted health promotion campaigns to improve adolescent's public health outcomes in South Australia.

SUBMITTER: Blunt J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7452447 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diet and physical activity practices of South Australian adolescents.

Blunt Jason J Morris Julia J Trigg Josh J

Heliyon 20200825 8

Adequate nutrition and physical activity are integral to health across the life course, with adolescence a crucial time for establishing health behaviours. This report describes self-reported dietary and physical activity behaviours of South Australian adolescents aged 12-17 years (<i>N</i> = 1324) surveyed in 2017. Healthy lifestyle behaviour engagement was low, with most (90.3%) adolescents not meeting Australia's recommended dietary or physical activity guidelines. Almost three-quarters (73.8 ...[more]

PMID: 32904250

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Project description:PurposeThe aims of this study were to (a) describe gender inequalities in physical activity (PA) among adolescents from Global South countries, and (b) investigate the relationship between gender inequalities in PA and contextual factors, such as geographic region, human development index, gender inequality index, and unemployment rates.MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey conducted in Global South countries between 2010 and 2020 among 13- to 17-year-old adolescents. Country-context variables were retrieved from secondary data sources (World Health Organization, World Bank, and Human Development Reports). PA was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire querying the number of days in the past week in which participants were physically active for a total of at least 60 min. PA absolute gender inequalities were evaluated by the differences in the prevalence between boys and girls, 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were estimated using the bootstrap method. Relative inequalities were obtained through Poisson regression. Meta-analyses with random effects were used to calculate pooled estimates of absolute and relative inequalities.ResultsBased on 64 Global South countries/surveys, the prevalence of PA was 6.7 percentage points (p.p.) higher in boys than in girls, ranging from 0.5 p.p. in Afghanistan to 15.6 p.p. in Laos (I2= 85.1%). The pooled ratio for all countries showed that boys presented a PA prevalence 1.58 times higher than girls (95%CI: 1.47-1.70) on average. The highest absolute and relative inequalities were observed in high income countries. Countries with higher Human Development Index rankings and lower Gender Inequality Index rankings also presented greater gender differences.ConclusionGiven that girls are overall less active than boys across the globe, the findings of this study reinforce that macro- and micro-level changes should be actively sought if we aim to increase population levels of PA in adolescents and promote equity in PA.

Project description:Background: Research in high income countries shows that people with cerebral palsy (CP) are less physically active than typically developing (TD) peers, but less is known regarding physical activity (PA) in those with CP in low-to-middle income countries. The aim of this study was to determine daily step count and levels of PA in adolescents and adults with CP living in urban South Africa, compared to TD peers, and to determine associations with sex, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, body mass index and socio-economic status. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 26 adolescents and 22 adults with CP (GMFCS Level I-V) and matched TD peers (25 and 30, respectively). Participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X for 7 consecutive days to determine step count and time (minutes per hour) spent in PA levels, including sedentary (SED), low physical activity (LPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Results: The daily step count and PA levels for ambulant adolescents with CP (GMFCS level I-III) were similar to TD peers, while this was less for adolescents classified in GMFCS level IV-V. Daily step count, SED and MVPA were similar for adults classified in GMFCS level I-II compared to TD adults, while all parameters were lower for adults using assistive devices (GMFCS level III) and non-ambulant adults (GMFCS level IV-V) compared to TD peers. Daily step count and PA levels were inversely associated with GMFCS, while no other associations were found. Conclusion: People with CP who were more mobile dependent (higher GMFCS level) were less active. However, adolescents and adults with CP classified as GMFCS levels I-II living in urban South Africa recorded similar step count and PA levels as their TD peers. This was also the case for adolescents using assistive devices, though not for those in the adult group (GMFCS level III). Furthermore, it was apparent that even the ambulant individuals with CP and TD cohorts were relatively inactive. Intervention programs for CP and TD adolescents should be aimed at finding strategies to keep adolescents physically active well into adulthood, in order to promote physical health, social and emotional well-being and independence.

Project description:Diet, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior are important, yet modifiable, determinants of obesity. Recent research into the clustering of these behaviors suggests that children and adolescents have multiple obesogenic risk factors. This paper reviews studies using empirical, data-driven methodologies, such as cluster analysis (CA) and latent class analysis (LCA), to identify clustering patterns of diet, PA and sedentary behavior among children or adolescents and their associations with socio-demographic indicators, and overweight and obesity. A literature search of electronic databases was undertaken to identify studies which have used data-driven methodologies to investigate the clustering of diet, PA and sedentary behavior among children and adolescents aged 5-18 years old. Eighteen studies (62% of potential studies) were identified that met the inclusion criteria, of which eight examined the clustering of PA and sedentary behavior and eight examined diet, PA and sedentary behavior. Studies were mostly cross-sectional and conducted in older children and adolescents (? 9 years). Findings from the review suggest that obesogenic cluster patterns are complex with a mixed PA/sedentary behavior cluster observed most frequently, but healthy and unhealthy patterning of all three behaviors was also reported. Cluster membership was found to differ according to age, gender and socio-economic status (SES). The tendency for older children/adolescents, particularly females, to comprise clusters defined by low PA was the most robust finding. Findings to support an association between obesogenic cluster patterns and overweight and obesity were inconclusive, with longitudinal research in this area limited. Diet, PA and sedentary behavior cluster together in complex ways that are not well understood. Further research, particularly in younger children, is needed to understand how cluster membership differs according to socio-demographic profile. Longitudinal research is also essential to establish how different cluster patterns track over time and their influence on the development of overweight and obesity.

Project description:BackgroundDiet and physical activity (PA) are fundamental aspects of care in type 1 diabetes, but scant longitudinal data exist on these behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, especially compared to non-diabetic controls.MethodsData in 211 adolescents with type 1 diabetes (baseline age = 15.3 ± 2.2 years, diabetes duration = 8.8 ± 3.1 years, A1c = 9.0 ± 1.5%, 51% male) and 67 non-diabetic (age = 14.9 ± 1.7 years, 52% male) controls were collected at baseline (V1) and again at 2-year follow-up (V2) (mean follow up = 2.2 ± 0.4 years). Diet data (meals/day, snacks/day, and weekly consumption of breakfast, fruit, vegetables and fried foods), and PA were collected using interviewer administered questionnaires. T-tests and chi-squared tests were used for comparisons.ResultsBoth adolescents with type 1 diabetes and non-diabetic controls reported increased vegetable (2.8 v. 3.6 and 3.1 v. 3.8 times weekly, respectively, p < 0.0001) and fruit (2.9 v. 3.8, both groups, p < 0.0001) intake (times per week) and increased PA (hours/day; 1.8 v. 2.2, p = 0.005 and 1.5 v. 1.9, p = 0.008, respectively) from V1 to V2. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes reported eating breakfast (3.3 v. 3.8 weekly, p = 0.0002) but also fried foods (1.9 v. 2.3, p = 0.0005) weekly more often from V1 to V2. Adolescents with and without type 1 diabetes met PA recommendations of 60 minutes or more of moderate-to-hard PA daily at both V1 (74% v. 70%, respectively, p = 0.58) and V2 (70% v. 78%, respectively, p = 0.78).ConclusionsOver 2 years, adolescents with and without type 1 diabetes had a healthier diet with increased fruit and vegetable intake and increased PA. However, neither group met the guidelines of daily breakfast, fruit and vegetable intake. Some diet and PA improvements were seen in adolescents with type 1 diabetes over a 2-year period. Therefore, adolescence could be a beneficial time to target diet and lifestyle interventions to take advantage of this time period when behaviors are being modified.

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Diet and physical activity practices of South Australian adolescents.

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Diet and physical activity practices of South Australian adolescents.

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