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Identification of a novel lncRNA (G3R1) regulated by GLIS3 in pancreatic β-cells.

ABSTRACT: Recent advances in high throughput RNA sequencing have revealed that, in addition to messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of many cell functions and of organ development. While a number of lncRNAs have been identified in pancreatic islets, their function remains largely undetermined. Here, we identify a novel long ncRNA regulated by the transcription factor GLIS3, which we refer to as GLIS3 regulated 1 (G3R1). This lncRNA was identified for its significant loss of expression in GLIS3 knockout mouse pancreatic islets. G3R1 appears to be specifically expressed in mouse pancreatic β-cells and in a β-cell line (βTC-6). ChIP-seq analysis indicated that GLIS3 and other islet-enriched transcription factors bind near the G3R1 gene, suggesting they directly regulate G3R1 transcription. Similarly, an apparent human homolog of G3R1 displays a similar expression pattern, with additional expression seen in human brain. In order to determine the function of G3R1 in mouse pancreatic β-cells, we utilized CRISPR to develop a knockout mouse where ~80% of G3R1 sequence is deleted. Phenotypic analysis of these mice did not reveal any impairment in β-cell function or glucose regulation, indicating the complexity underlying the study of lncRNA function.

SUBMITTER: Scoville DW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7461731 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Pancreatic beta-cells are the target of an autoimmune attack in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This is mediated in part by cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1beta and interferon (IFN)-gamma. These cytokines modify the expression of hundreds of genes, leading to beta-cell dysfunction and death by apoptosis. Several of these cytokine-induced genes are potentially regulated by the IL-1beta-activated transcription factor (TF) nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, and previous studies by our group have shown that cytokine-induced NF-kappaB activation is pro-apoptotic in beta-cells. To identify NF-kappaB-regulated gene networks in beta-cells we presently used a discriminant analysis-based approach to predict NF-kappaB responding genes on the basis of putative regulatory elements. RESULTS: The performance of linear and quadratic discriminant analysis (LDA, QDA) in identifying NF-kappaB-responding genes was examined on a dataset of 240 positive and negative examples of NF-kappaB regulation, using stratified cross-validation with an internal leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) loop for automated feature selection and noise reduction. LDA performed slightly better than QDA, achieving 61% sensitivity, 91% specificity and 87% positive predictive value, and allowing the identification of 231, 251 and 580 NF-kappaB putative target genes in insulin-producing INS-1E cells, primary rat beta-cells and human pancreatic islets, respectively. Predicted NF-kappaB targets had a significant enrichment in genes regulated by cytokines (IL-1beta or IL-1beta + IFN-gamma) and double stranded RNA (dsRNA), as compared to genes not regulated by these NF-kappaB-dependent stimuli. We increased the confidence of the predictions by selecting only evolutionary stable genes, i.e. genes with homologs predicted as NF-kappaB targets in rat, mouse, human and chimpanzee. CONCLUSION: The present in silico analysis allowed us to identify novel regulatory targets of NF-kappaB using a supervised classification method based on putative binding motifs. This provides new insights into the gene networks regulating cytokine-induced beta-cell dysfunction and death.

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Identification of a novel lncRNA (G3R1) regulated by GLIS3 in pancreatic β-cells.

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