Dataset Information

Proteomic and Bioinformatic Profiling of Transporters in Higher Plant Mitochondria.

ABSTRACT: To function as a metabolic hub, plant mitochondria have to exchange a wide variety of metabolic intermediates as well as inorganic ions with the cytosol. As identified by proteomic profiling or as predicted by MU-LOC, a newly developed bioinformatics tool, Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondria contain 128 or 143 different transporters, respectively. The largest group is the mitochondrial carrier family, which consists of symporters and antiporters catalyzing secondary active transport of organic acids, amino acids, and nucleotides across the inner mitochondrial membrane. An impressive 97% (58 out of 60) of all the known mitochondrial carrier family members in Arabidopsis have been experimentally identified in isolated mitochondria. In addition to many other secondary transporters, Arabidopsis mitochondria contain the ATP synthase transporters, the mitochondria protein translocase complexes (responsible for protein uptake across the outer and inner membrane), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and a number of transporters and channels responsible for allowing water and inorganic ions to move across the inner membrane driven by their transmembrane electrochemical gradient. A few mitochondrial transporters are tissue-specific, development-specific, or stress-response specific, but this is a relatively unexplored area in proteomics that merits much more attention.

SUBMITTER: Moller IM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7464266 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Proteomic and Bioinformatic Profiling of Transporters in Higher Plant Mitochondria.

Møller Ian Max IM Rao R Shyama Prasad RSP Jiang Yuexu Y Thelen Jay J JJ Xu Dong D

Biomolecules 20200816 8

To function as a metabolic hub, plant mitochondria have to exchange a wide variety of metabolic intermediates as well as inorganic ions with the cytosol. As identified by proteomic profiling or as predicted by MU-LOC, a newly developed bioinformatics tool, <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> mitochondria contain 128 or 143 different transporters, respectively. The largest group is the mitochondrial carrier family, which consists of symporters and antiporters catalyzing secondary active transport of orga ...[more]

PMID: 32824289

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Project description:BackgroundNeurons are highly polarized cells consisting of three distinct functional domains: the cell body (and associated dendrites), the axon and the synapse. Previously, it was believed that the clinical phenotypes of neurodegenerative diseases were caused by the loss of entire neurons, however it has recently become apparent that these neuronal sub-compartments can degenerate independently, with synapses being particularly vulnerable to a broad range of stimuli. Whilst the properties governing the differential degenerative mechanisms remain unknown, mitochondria consistently appear in the literature, suggesting these somewhat promiscuous organelles may play a role in affecting synaptic stability. Synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondrial subpools are known to have different enzymatic properties (first demonstrated by Lai et al., 1977). However, the molecular basis underpinning these alterations, and their effects on morphology, has not been well documented.MethodsThe current study has employed electron microscopy, label-free proteomics and in silico analyses to characterize the morphological and biochemical properties of discrete sub-populations of mitochondria. The physiological relevance of these findings was confirmed in-vivo using a molecular genetic approach at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction.ResultsHere, we demonstrate that mitochondria at the synaptic terminal are indeed morphologically different to non-synaptic mitochondria, in both rodents and human patients. Furthermore, generation of proteomic profiles reveals distinct molecular fingerprints - highlighting that the properties of complex I may represent an important specialisation of synaptic mitochondria. Evidence also suggests that at least 30% of the mitochondrial enzymatic activity differences previously reported can be accounted for by protein abundance. Finally, we demonstrate that the molecular differences between discrete mitochondrial sub-populations are capable of selectively influencing synaptic morphology in-vivo. We offer several novel mitochondrial candidates that have the propensity to significantly alter the synaptic architecture in-vivo.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates discrete proteomic profiles exist dependent upon mitochondrial subcellular localization and selective alteration of intrinsic mitochondrial proteins alters synaptic morphology in-vivo.

Dataset Information

Proteomic and Bioinformatic Profiling of Transporters in Higher Plant Mitochondria.

Publications

Proteomic and Bioinformatic Profiling of Transporters in Higher Plant Mitochondria.

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