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The Selection of Gamma-Ray Irradiated Higher Yield Rice Mutants by Directed Evolution Method.

ABSTRACT: We have succeeded in selecting four higher yield mutants from five gamma-ray irradiated high-yielding Japanese rice varieties using a novel approach. A total of 464 M2 plants which had heavier total panicle weights per plant were first selected from 9801 irradiated M2 plants. Their higher yields were confirmed by yield trials conducted for three years with a six to ten-pairwise replicated plot design. FukuhibikiH6 and FukuhibikiH8 were selected from an irradiated high-yielding variety Fukuhibiki and showed 1.2% to 22.5% higher yield than their original significantly. YamadawaraH3 was selected from an irradiated high-yielding variety Yamadawara and its yield advantages were 2.7% to 3.9%. However, there was no difference in the genotypes of the 96 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers between the higher yield mutants and their respective original varieties. The differences in the measured phenotypical traits between each mutant and its original variety were not constant and the actual differences were marginal. Therefore, the higher yields of the selected mutants were likely to have been caused by physiological traits rather than phenotypical traits. The selection method used in this study is an application of the directed evolution method which has long been commonly used in the substantial improvements of microorganisms and their proteins.

SUBMITTER: Kato H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7464962 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Selection of Gamma-Ray Irradiated Higher Yield Rice Mutants by Directed Evolution Method.

Kato Hiroshi H Li Feng F Shimizu Akemi A

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20200807 8

We have succeeded in selecting four higher yield mutants from five gamma-ray irradiated high-yielding Japanese rice varieties using a novel approach. A total of 464 M<sub>2</sub> plants which had heavier total panicle weights per plant were first selected from 9801 irradiated M<sub>2</sub> plants. Their higher yields were confirmed by yield trials conducted for three years with a six to ten-pairwise replicated plot design. FukuhibikiH6 and FukuhibikiH8 were selected from an irradiated high-yield ...[more]

PMID: 32784591

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Project description:An upland rice variety, Nagina22 (N22) and its 137 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutants, along with a sensitive variety, Jaya, was screened both in low phosphorus (P) field (Olsen P 1.8) and in normal field (Olsen P 24) during dry season. Based on the grain yield (YLD) of plants in normal field and plants in low P field, 27 gain of function (high-YLD represented as hy) and 9 loss of function (low-YLD represented as ly) mutants were selected and compared with N22 for physiological and genotyping studies. In low P field, hy mutants showed higher P concentration in roots, leaves, grains, and in the whole plant than in ly mutants at harvest. In low P conditions, F v/F m and qN were 24% higher in hy mutants than in ly mutants. In comparison with ly mutants, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the roots and leaves of hy mutants in low P fields was 9% and 41% higher at the vegetative stage, respectively, but 51% and 14% lower in the roots and leaves at the reproductive stage, respectively. However, in comparison with ly mutants, the catalase (CAT) activity in the roots and leaves of hy mutants in low P fields was 35% higher at the vegetative stage and 15% and 17% higher at the reproductive stage, respectively. Similarly, hy mutants in low P field showed 20% and 80% higher peroxidase (POD) activity in the roots and leaves at the vegetative stage, respectively, but showed 14% and 16% lower POD activity at the reproductive stage in the roots and leaves, respectively. Marker trait association analysis using 48 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 10 Pup1 gene markers showed that RM3648 and RM451 in chromosome 4 were significantly associated with grain YLD, tiller number (TN), SOD, and POD activities in both the roots and leaves in low P conditions only. Similarly, RM3334 and RM6300 in chromosome 5 were associated with CAT activity in leaves in low P conditions. Notably, grain YLD was positively and significantly correlated with CAT activity in the roots and shoots, F v/F m and qN in low P conditions, and the shoots' P concentration and qN in normal conditions. Furthermore, CAT activity in shoots was positively and significantly correlated with TN in both low P and normal conditions. Thus, chromosomal regions and physiological traits that have a role in imparting tolerance to low P in the field were identified.

Dataset Information

The Selection of Gamma-Ray Irradiated Higher Yield Rice Mutants by Directed Evolution Method.

Publications

The Selection of Gamma-Ray Irradiated Higher Yield Rice Mutants by Directed Evolution Method.

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