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Folic acid supplementation regulates key immunity-associated genes and pathways during the periparturient period in dairy cows.

ABSTRACT: Objective:The current research was aimed to profile the transcriptomic picture of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) associated with immunity in Chinese Holsteins supplemented orally with coated folic acid during the periparturient period. Methods:The total of 123 perinatal cows were selected for this study and divided into three groups; group A (n = 41, 240mg/ 500 kg cow/day), group B (n = 40, 120mg/ 500 kg cow/day) and group C (n = 42, 0mg/cow/day) based on the quantity of folic acid fed. Three samples of PBLs were selected from each folic acid treated group (High, Low, and Control) and RNA sequencing method was carried out for transcriptomic analysis. Results:The analysis revealed that a higher number of genes and pathways were regulated in response to high and low folic acid supplementation compared to the controls. We reported the novel pathways (TNF signaling, Antigen processing and presentation, Staphylococcus aureus infection and NF-kappa B signaling pathways) and the key genes (e.g. CXCL10, TNFRSFIA, CD4, BOLA-DQB, NFKBIA, and TNFSF13) having great importance in immunity and anti-inflammation in the periparturient cows in response to coated folic acid treatment. Conclusion:Collectively, our study profiled first-time transcriptomic analysis of bovine lymphocytes and compared the involved cytokines, genes, and pathways between High vs. Control and Low vs. Control. Our data suggest that the low folic acid supplementation (120 mg/500 kg) could be a good choice to boost appropriate immunity and anti-inflammation as well as might being applied to the health improvement of perinatal dairy cows.

SUBMITTER: Khan MZ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7468170 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Folic acid supplementation regulates key immunity-associated genes and pathways during the periparturient period in dairy cows.

Khan Muhammad Zahoor MZ Zhang Zhichao Z Liu Lei L Wang Di D Mi Siyuan S Liu Xueqin X Liu Gang G Guo Gang G Li Xizhi X Wang Yachun Y Yu Ying Y

Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences 20190415 9

<h4>Objective</h4>The current research was aimed to profile the transcriptomic picture of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) associated with immunity in Chinese Holsteins supplemented orally with coated folic acid during the periparturient period.<h4>Methods</h4>The total of 123 perinatal cows were selected for this study and divided into three groups; group A (n = 41, 240mg/ 500 kg cow/day), group B (n = 40, 120mg/ 500 kg cow/day) and group C (n = 42, 0mg/cow/day) based on the quantity of ...[more]

PMID: 31010964

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Project description:Background:The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of energy overfeeding during the dry period on adipose tissue transcriptome profiles during the periparturient period in dairy cows. Methods:Fourteen primiparous Holstein cows from a larger cohort receiving a higher-energy diet (1.62 Mcal of net energy for lactation/kg of dry matter; 15% crude protein) for ad libitum intake to supply 150% (OVR) or 100% (CTR) of energy requirements from dry off until parturition were used. After calving, all cows received the same lactation diet. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were collected at -?14, 1, and 14?d from parturition (d) and used for transcriptome profiling using a bovine oligonucleotide microarray. Data mining of differentially expressed genes (DEG) between treatments and due to sampling time was performed using the Dynamic Impact Approach (DIA) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Results:There was a strong effect of over-feeding energy on DEG with 2434 (False discovery rate-corrected P?<?0.05) between OVR and CTR at -?14 d, and only 340 and 538 at 1 and 14 d. The most-impacted and activated pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database that were highlighted by DIA analysis at -?14 d in OVR vs. CTR included 9 associated with carbohydrate metabolism, with 'Pyruvate metabolism', 'Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis', and 'Pentose phosphate pathway' among the most-activated. Not surprisingly, OVR led to marked activation of lipid metabolism (e.g. 'Fatty acid biosynthesis' and 'Glycerolipid metabolism'). Unexpected metabolic pathways that were activated at -?14 d in OVR included several related to metabolism of amino acids (e.g. branched chain) and of cofactors and vitamins (thiamin). Among endocrine and immune system pathways, at -?14 d OVR led to marked activation of 'PPAR signalling' and 'Antigen processing and presentation'. Among key pathways affected over time in OVR, a number were related to translation (e.g. mTOR signaling), endocrine/immune signaling (CXCR4 and IGF1), and lipid metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation) with greater activation in OVR vs. CTR specifically at -?14 d. Although statistical differences for several pathways in OVR vs. CTR nearly disappeared at 1 and 14 vs. -?14 d, despite the well-known catabolic state of adipose depots after calving, the bioinformatics analyses suggested important roles for a number of signaling mechanisms at -?14 vs. 14 than 1 vs. -14 d. This was particularly evident in cows fed to meet predicted energy requirements during the dry period (CTR). Conclusions:Data underscored a strong activation by overfeeding energy of anabolic processes in the SAT exclusively prepartum. The study confirmed that higher-energy diets prepartum drive a transcriptional cascade of events orchestrated in part by the activation of PPAR? that regulate preadipocyte differentiation and lipid storage in SAT. Novel aspects of SAT biology to energy overfeeding or change in physiologic state also were uncovered, including the role of amino acid metabolism, mTOR signaling, and the immune system.

Project description:Background:Postruminal supply of Met during the periparturient period enhances production efficiency (feed conversion to milk) in dairy cows partly through alleviation of oxidant and inflammatory status. Whether alterations in hepatic 1-carbon metabolism (major contributor of antioxidants) and/or energy metabolism contribute to these beneficial effects is unknown. Objectives:To investigate alterations in hepatic 1-carbon and energy metabolism and associations with plasma amino acids (AAs) and production efficiency in response to enhanced postruminal supply of Met. Methods:Holstein cows (n = 30 per group) were fed during the last 28 d of pregnancy a control diet (CON) or the control plus ethylcellulose rumen-protected Met (MET; 0.9 g/kg of dry matter intake). Plasma (n = 15 per group) and liver tissue (n = 10 per group) were collected throughout the periparturient period to evaluate AA profiles, activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and 1-carbon metabolism via mRNA abundance, enzyme activity, and targeted metabolomics. Results:Cows in the MET group had greater overall (27%, P = 0.027) plasma Met concentrations, but had similar total plasma AA concentrations. Although mRNA abundance of 1-carbon metabolism enzymes did not differ, hepatic activity of cystathionine ?-synthase (CBS) (51.2 compared with 44.4 mmol/h/mg protein; P = 0.032) and concentration (19%, P = 0.048) of the cellular antioxidant glutathione were greater overall in the MET group. mRNA abundance of aconitase 2 and fumarate hydratase was greater overall (P = 0.049), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 tended (P = 0.093) to be greater overall in cows fed MET. There was a tendency (P ? 0.093) for greater overall hepatic concentrations of malic acid, ?-ketoglutaric acid, and isocitric acid in cows fed MET. Conclusions:Greater activity of CBS in response to enhanced postruminal supply of Met likely contributes to alleviating oxidant status by increasing concentrations of glutathione. Hence, transsulfuration plays an important role in the observed improvements in production efficiency of dairy cows during the periparturient period.

Project description:While dietary phosphorus (P) deprivation extending from the dry period into early lactation impairs health and productivity of cows, restricting dietary P supply during the dry period not only appears to be innocuous but rather effectively mitigates hypocalcemia during the first wk of lactation. To investigate possible negative metabolic effects of P deprivation during the dry period, the present study tested the hypothesis that restarted dietary P supply during the dry period alters the liver transcriptome of dairy cows during the periparturient period. Thirty late-pregnant multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows entering their 2nd, 3rd or 4th lactation were assigned to either a dry cow ration with low (LP, 0.16% P in DM) or adequate P content (AP, 0.35% in DM) during the last 4 wk of the dry period (n = 15/group). Liver transcriptomics, which was carried out in a subset of five 2nd parity cows of each group (n = 5), and determination of selected hormones and metabolites in blood of all cows, was performed approximately one wk before calving and on d 3 postpartum. Liver tissue specimens and blood samples were obtained by a micro-invasive biopsy technique from the right 10th intercostal space and puncture of a jugular vein, respectively. 175 hepatic transcripts were expressed differentially between LP vs. AP cows in late pregnancy, and 165 transcripts differed between LP vs. AP cows in early lactation (Fold change > 1.3 and < -1.3, P < 0.05). In late pregnancy, the enriched biological processes of the up-regulated and the down-regulated transcripts were mainly related to immune processes and signal transduction (P < 0.05), respectively. In early lactation, the enriched biological processes of the up-regulated and the down-regulated transcripts were involved in mineral transport and biotransformation (P < 0.05), respectively. The plasma concentrations of the hormones and acute phase proteins (progesterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, serum amyloid alpha, haptoglobin, and 17β-estradiol) determined were not affected by P supply. These results suggest that P deprivation during the dry period moderately affects the liver transcriptome of cows in late pregnancy and early lactation, and causes no effects on important plasma hormones and acute phase proteins indicating no obvious impairment of health or metabolism of the cows.

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Folic acid supplementation regulates key immunity-associated genes and pathways during the periparturient period in dairy cows.

Publications

Folic acid supplementation regulates key immunity-associated genes and pathways during the periparturient period in dairy cows.

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