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The Association of Airflow Obstruction with Occupational Exposures in a Sample of Rural Adults in Iowa.

ABSTRACT: A recent article reported that occupational exposure to vapor-gas, dust, and fumes (VGDF) was more common in a sample of rural adults than in a sample of adults in urban settings. In another study of the same urban adults, airflow obstruction (AO) was associated with occupational VGDF and the combination of smoking and occupational exposure. The goal of the current study was to determine if similar associations were evident in the sample of rural adults. We analyzed enrollment data from the Keokuk County Rural Health Study (KCRHS), which investigated the health of rural residents in Iowa. We used the same methods as the study of urban adults. A job-exposure matrix (JEM) assigned an occupational VGDF exposure level based on each participants' last reported job. The health outcome was AO, defined as both the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio?

SUBMITTER: Henneberger PK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7469627 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Association of Airflow Obstruction with Occupational Exposures in a Sample of Rural Adults in Iowa.

Henneberger P K PK Humann M J MJ Liang X X Doney B C BC Kelly K M KM Cox-Ganser J M JM

COPD 20200625 4

A recent article reported that occupational exposure to vapor-gas, dust, and fumes (VGDF) was more common in a sample of rural adults than in a sample of adults in urban settings. In another study of the same urban adults, airflow obstruction (AO) was associated with occupational VGDF and the combination of smoking and occupational exposure. The goal of the current study was to determine if similar associations were evident in the sample of rural adults. We analyzed enrollment data from the Keok ...[more]

PMID: 32586160

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The association of chronic bronchitis and airflow obstruction with lifetime and current farm activities in a sample of rural adults in Iowa.

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| S-EPMC10424266 | biostudies-literature

The association of forced expiratory volume in one second with occupational exposures in a longitudinal study of adults in a rural community in Iowa.

Project description:PurposeThe Keokuk County Rural Health Study (KCRHS) is a longitudinal population-based study conducted in rural Iowa. A prior analysis of enrollment data identified an association of airflow obstruction with occupational exposures only among cigarette smokers. The current study used spirometry data from all three rounds to investigate whether level of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and longitudinal change in FEV1 were associated with occupational vapor-gas, dust, and fumes (VGDF) exposures, and whether these associations were modified by smoking.MethodsThis study sample comprised 1071 adult KCRHS participants with longitudinal data. A job-exposure matrix (JEM) was applied to participants' lifetime work histories to assign exposures to occupational VGDF. Mixed regression models of pre-bronchodilator FEV1 (millimeters, ml) were fit to test for associations with occupational exposures while adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsMineral dust had the most consistent association with change in FEV1, including ever/never ( - 6.3 ml/year) and nearly every level of duration, intensity, and cumulative exposure. Because 92% of participants with mineral dust also had organic dust exposure, the results for mineral dust may be due to a combination of the two. An association of FEV1 level with fumes was observed for high intensity ( - 91.4 ml) among all participants, and limited to cigarette smokers with results of - 104.6 ml ever/never exposed, - 170.3 ml high duration, and - 172.4 ml high cumulative.ConclusionThe current findings suggest that mineral dust, possibly in combination with organic dust, and fumes exposure, especially among cigarette smokers, were risk factors for adverse FEV1 results.

| S-EPMC10424268 | biostudies-literature

Occupational exposure and airflow obstruction and self-reported COPD among ever-employed US adults using a COPD-job exposure matrix.

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| S-EPMC6661888 | biostudies-literature

Association of radiographic emphysema and airflow obstruction with lung cancer.

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| S-EPMC2556456 | biostudies-literature

Veterans Airflow Obstruction Screening Questionnaire: A Survey to Identify Veterans with Airflow Obstruction.

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| S-EPMC5556954 | biostudies-literature

Airflow Obstruction in Adults with Williams Syndrome and Mice with Elastin Insufficiency.

Project description:Williams-Beuren syndrome (WS) results from the deletion of 25-27 coding genes, including elastin (ELN), on human chromosome 7q11.23. Elastin provides recoil to tissues; emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been linked to its destruction. Consequently, we hypothesized that elastin insufficiency would predispose to obstructive features. Twenty-two adults with WS (aged 18-55) and controls underwent pulmonary function testing, 6 min walk, and chest computed tomography (CT). Lung and airspace dimensions were assessed in Eln+/- and control mice via microCT and histology. The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) were lower in adults with WS (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05, respectively). The FEV1/FVC ratio was more frequently below the lower limit of normal in cases (p < 0.01). The ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC, percent predicted) was higher in cases (p < 0.01), suggesting air trapping. People with WS showed reduced exercise capacity (p < 0.0001). In Eln+/- mice, ex vivo lung volumes were increased (p < 0.0001), with larger airspaces (p < 0.001). Together these data show that elastin insufficiency impacts lung physiology in the form of increased air trapping and obstruction, suggesting a role for lung function monitoring in adults with WS.

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Proportion and clinical characteristics of non-asthmatic non-smokers among adults with airflow obstruction.

Project description:Background and objectivesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mainly develops after long-term exposure to cigarette or biomass fuel smoke, but also occurs in non-smokers with or without a history of asthma. We investigated the proportion and clinical characteristics of non-smokers among middle-aged to elderly subjects with airflow obstruction.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 1,892 subjects aged 40-89 years who underwent routine preoperative spirometry at a tertiary university hospital in Japan. Airflow obstruction was defined as a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity < 0.7 or as the lower limit of the normal.ResultsAmong 323 patients presenting with FEV1/forced vital capacity < 0.7, 43 had asthma and 280 did not. Among the non-asthmatic patients with airflow obstruction, 94 (34%) were non-smokers. A larger number of women than men with airflow obstruction had asthma (26% vs. 7.6%, p < 0.001), or were non-smokers among non-asthmatics (72% vs. 20%, p < 0.001). Non-asthmatic non-smokers, rather than non-asthmatic smokers, asthmatic non-smokers, and asthmatic smokers, exhibited better pulmonary function (median FEV1: 79% of predicted FEV1 vs. 73%, 69%, and 66%, respectively, p = 0.005) and less dyspnea on exertion (1% vs. 12%, 12%, and 28%, respectively, p = 0.001). Pulmonary emphysema on thoracic computed tomography was less common in non-smokers (p < 0.001). Using the lower limit of the normal to define airflow obstruction yielded similar results.ConclusionsThere are a substantial number of non-smokers with airflow obstruction compatible with COPD in Japan. In this study, airflow obstruction in non-smokers was more common in women and likelier to result in mild functional and pathological abnormalities than in smokers. Further studies are warranted to investigate the long-term prognosis and appropriate management of this population in developed countries, especially in women.

| S-EPMC5942827 | biostudies-literature

Defining Airflow Obstruction: More Data, Further Clarity.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC7462413 | biostudies-literature

Association of low FVC spirometric pattern with WTC occupational exposures.

Project description:BackgroundA reduced forced vital capacity without obstruction (low FVC) is the predominant spirometric abnormality reported in workers and volunteers exposed to dust, gases, and fumes at the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster site in 2001-2002. While low FVC has been associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, its association with WTC occupational exposures has not been demonstrated. We estimated the prevalence of this abnormality and examined its association with WTC exposure level.MethodsLongitudinal study of the relation between arrival at the WTC site within 48 h and FVC below the lower limit of normal (FVC < LLN, with normal FEV1/FVC ratio) at any time in 10,284 workers with at least two spirometries between 2002 and 2018. Logistic regression and linear mixed models were used for the multivariable analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of low FVC increased from 17.0% (95% CI 15.4%, 18.5%) in June 2003, to 26.4% (95% CI 24.8%, 28.1%) in June 2018, and exceeded at both times that of obstruction. The rate of FVC decline was -43.7 ml/year during the study period. In a multivariable analysis adjusting for obesity, metabolic syndrome indicators, and other factors, early arrival at the WTC disaster site was significantly associated with low FVC, but only among men (ORadj = 1.29, 95% CI 1.17, 1.43). Longitudinal FVC rate of decline did not differ by WTC site arrival time.ConclusionsAmong WTC workers, the prevalence of low FVC increased over a 16-year period. Early arrival to the WTC disaster site was significantly associated with low FVC in males.

| S-EPMC7605357 | biostudies-literature

Incidence trends of airflow obstruction among European adults without asthma: a 20-year cohort study.

Project description:Investigating COPD trends may help healthcare providers to forecast future disease burden. We estimated sex- and smoking-specific incidence trends of pre-bronchodilator airflow obstruction (AO) among adults without asthma from 11 European countries within a 20-year follow-up (ECRHS and SAPALDIA cohorts). We also quantified the extent of misclassification in the definition based on pre-bronchodilator spirometry (using post-bronchodilator measurements from a subsample of subjects) and we used this information to estimate the incidence of post-bronchodilator AO (AOpost-BD), which is the primary characteristic of COPD. AO incidence was 4.4 (95% CI: 3.5-5.3) male and 3.8 (3.1-4.6) female cases/1,000/year. Among ever smokers (median pack-years: 20, males; 12, females), AO incidence significantly increased with ageing in men only [incidence rate ratio (IRR), 1-year increase: 1.05 (1.03-1.07)]. A strong exposure-response relationship with smoking was found both in males [IRR, 1-pack-year increase: 1.03 (1.02-1.04)] and females [1.03 (1.02-1.05)]. The positive predictive value of AO for AOpost-BD was 59.1% (52.0-66.2%) in men and 42.6% (35.1-50.1%) in women. AOpost-BD incidence was 2.6 (1.7-3.4) male and 1.6 (1.0-2.2) female cases/1,000/year. AO incidence was considerable in Europe and the sex-specific ageing-related increase among ever smokers was strongly related to cumulative tobacco exposure. AOpost-BD incidence is expected to be half of AO incidence.

| S-EPMC7044325 | biostudies-literature

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