Enhancement of Stay-at-Home Learning for the Biomechanics Laboratory Course During COVID-19 Pandemic.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lee CH
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7471560 | biostudies-literature | 2021
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Enhancement of Stay-at-Home Learning for the Biomechanics Laboratory Course During COVID-19 Pandemic.
Lee Chung-Hao CH Liu Yingtao Y Moore Marc M Ge Xun X Siddique Zahed Z
Biomedical engineering education 20200903 1
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Project description:ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess family caregivers' primary appraisal of stressors related to COVID-19 stay-at-home orders, secondary appraisal of resources and support availability, and use of coping strategies as predictors of perceived role overload during the stay-at-home phase of the pandemic.MethodTelephone interviews with 53 family caregivers of persons with dementia from rural Virginia 2 weeks after enactment of the governor's stay-at-home order using structured and open-ended questions were conducted.ResultsCaregivers who were more concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic were at greater odds of experiencing high role overload than those who recognized positive aspects of the pandemic, as were those who received insufficient support from family and friends.DiscussionUse of the transactional model of stress responses yielded important insights about families coping with dementia. Caregivers' perceptions of the pandemic's impact varied, with differential effects on their well-being.
| S-EPMC7546083 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Risks related to the coronavirus infection differ significantly across the age and the health status of individuals which suggest lockdowns targeting the unhealthy could reduce the fatalities due to the pandemic. In addition, labor productivities differ significantly across these groups, which suggest the economic consequences of targeted lockdowns could be quite different. Using an overlapping generations model with rich heterogeneity, we show that a targeted lockdown policy based on preexisting health status would have reduced the economic severity of the pandemic by 43% compared to a random lockdown. A simple system where government transfers are paid to those who stay home, financed by lump-sum taxes, could have achieved results similar to this health based lockdown.
| S-EPMC9672847 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The COVID-19 pandemic, and resultant "Stay-at-Home" orders, may have impacted adults' positive health behaviors (sleep, physical activity) and negative health behaviors (alcohol consumption, drug use, and tobacco use). The purpose of this study was to investigate how these health behaviors changed (increased/improved or decreased/worsened) at the early stages of the pandemic, what participant characteristics were associated with health behavior changes, and why these behavioral changes may have occurred. A convenience sample of 1809 adults residing in the United States completed a 15-min self-report questionnaire in April and May 2020. Multinomial logistic regressions and descriptive statistics were used to evaluate how, for whom, and why these health behaviors changed. Participants were primarily female (67.4%), aged 35-49 years (39.8%), college graduates (83.3%), non-tobacco users (74.7%), and had previously used marijuana (48.6%). Overall, participants primarily reported a decrease in physical activity, while sleep and all of the negative health behaviors remained the same. Changes in negative health behaviors were related (p < 0.05) to sex, age, parental status, educational status, job status, BMI, and depression scores. Changes in positive health behaviors were related (p < 0.05) to sex, parental status, job status, and depression scores. Having more time available during the pandemic was the most commonly cited reason for changing health behaviors (negative and positive). Public health efforts should address the potential for long-term health consequences due to behavior change during COVID-19.
| S-EPMC7504386 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The spread of COVID-19 in the Spring of 2020 prompted state and local governments to implement a variety of policies, including stay-at-home (SAH) orders and mandatory mask requirements, aimed at reducing the infection rate and the severity of the pandemic's impact. We implement a discrete choice experiment survey in three major U.S. States-California, Georgia, and Illinois-to empirically quantify individuals' willingness to stay (WTS) home, measured as the number of weeks of a potential new SAH order, to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 disease and explore factors leading to their heterogeneous WTS. Our results demonstrate broad support for statewide mask mandates. In addition, the estimate of WTS to lower new positive cases is quite large, approximately five and half weeks, even though staying home lowers utility. We also find that individuals recognize the trade-offs between case reduction and economic slowdown stemming from SAH orders when they decide to stay home or not. Finally, pandemic related factors such as age, ability to work from home, and unemployment status are the main drivers of the heterogeneity in individuals' WTS.
| S-EPMC8248689 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTo slow the spread of COVID-19, many nonessential businesses, daycares, and schools closed, and areas imposed "stay-at-home" orders. Closures led to young children spending more time at home, traditionally, the place where more than one-half of unintentional pediatric injuries occur. The objective of the current study was to describe parental safety perceptions and confidence, safety device purchase and installation, and injury prevention practices and behaviors, in homes with children 6 years of age and younger, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample of US participants, 18 years or older, was conducted from November 2020 to February 2021. Parents of children (≤ 6 years) were recruited via social media ads and posts on Facebook and Twitter and invited to complete an anonymous, online survey about their home safety practices before and during the COVID-19 stay-at-home order. Upon completion, parents could participate in a prize drawing to receive one of five $100 gift cards.ResultsA total of 499 participants completed the survey. Most (47.9%) were 45-54 years of age and reported the amount of time at home increased for them (93.9%) and their children (90.6%) during the stay-at-home period. Thirty-seven percent (36.9%) of parents considered their homes safe but recognized room for improvement and felt confident in their ability to make their homes safe for their children (72.8%). From the time before until the COVID-19 stay-at-home orders were in place, parents increased their home injury prevention practices (42.3%). Parents that had identified unsafe areas in the home before the stay-at-home order were significantly more likely to increase their safety behaviors, take childproofing actions, and purchase or install safety devices during the stay-at-home order (p < 0.0001). Parents with younger children (5 years) were significantly more likely than parents with older children to take childproofing actions (p < .0001) including purchasing and installing safety devices (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsSpending more time at home during the COVID-19 pandemic may have helped the sampled parents, especially those with younger children, identify unsafe areas in their homes and encourage them to modify their behaviors, and purchase and install safety devices to help make their homes safer for their children.
| S-EPMC9768763 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Firearms are a leading cause of death and injury in the United States, and this trend has continued during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to identify whether states designated gun retailers as essential businesses in their stay-at-home orders and characterize other references that could affect firearm acquisition during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional policy review, we assessed stay-at-home orders issued in March or April 2020. Orders were reviewed in their entirety, and any reference to firearms, firearm retailers, shooting ranges, or other relevant elements was documented. Forty-three states and the District of Columbia issued stay-at-home orders. Most considered federal firearm licensees to be among essential businesses or made provisions for them to remain open during widespread business closures. Others referenced the US Department of Homeland Security's Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) advisory memorandum on essential critical infrastructure workers which named workers supporting firearm manufacturing and retail among essential workers. Therefore, stay-at-home orders issued in most states included provisions for firearms retailers to remain open, at least in some capacity. Only four states and the District of Columbia did not include federal firearms licensees among essential businesses or include provisions for them to be open. Meanwhile, an all-time high in firearm background checks indicates firearm sales have markedly increased. Given the associations between firearm access and injury risk, the effects of continued firearm access facilitated by these orders should be the focus of future research.
| S-EPMC7539896 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As most other aspects of life, education was strongly affected by the lockdowns imposed to slow down the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers at all levels of education suddenly faced the challenge of adapting their courses to online versions. This posed various problems, from the pedagogical and psychological components of having to teach and learn online to the technical problems of internet connectivity and especially of rethinking hands-on activities. The latter point was especially important for subjects who involve very practical learning, for which teachers had to find out alternative activities that the students could carry out at home. In the subjects dealing with natural sciences, impaired access to instrumentation and reagents was a major limitation, but the community turned out very resourceful. Here I demonstrate this resourcefulness for the case of undergraduate chemistry and biology courses, focusing on how do-it-yourself open technologies, smartphone-based instruments and simulations, at-home chemistry with household reagents, online video material, and introductory programming and bioinformatics, which helped to overcome these difficult times and likely even shape the future of science education.
| S-EPMC8787708 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe anxiety-related insomnia and other sleep disorders were mentioned as possible side effects of quarantine and stay-at-home conditions. The questions to be explored were: Are there discernable differences in hours of sleep and sleep habits between the normal operational environment and the stay-at-home condition? and How seriously anxiety-induced insomnia or other sleep disorders may affect individuals during the stay-at-home?MethodsThis international prospective study analyzed results from the sleep-wake patterns questionnaire, daily logs, and interviews. During COVID-19 pandemic, surveys were administered to the healthy volunteers with stay-at-home for 14 days or more, without previous sleep disorders; volunteers were not involved in online education/work daily timetable-related activities.ResultsWe analyzed 14,000 subjects from 11 countries with average stay-at-home of 62 days. The most significant changes in sleep occurred during the first 14 days of stay-at-home. The difference in the sleep duration between weekdays and weekends disappeared. Most of the participants discontinued using alarm clocks. The total sleep time increased in duration up to 9:10 ± 1:16 to the end of the quarantine/stay-at-home (+1:34, p = 0.02). The age-dependent changes in napping habits occurred. Only 1.8% of participants indicated insomnia during the first 14-day period with a decline to 0.5% after two months of stay-at-home.ConclusionDuring the stay-at-home situation, both duration and timing of sleep significantly differ from those of daily routine and most humans sleep longer than in a schedule-dependent operational environment. An appearance of anxiety-induced insomnia is extremely rare if a healthy individual is already in the stay-at-home situation.
| S-EPMC7587069 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Together with protective measures, routine screening for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection helps provide a safe working environment. We evaluated a pooled nucleic acid testing strategy in a research laboratory. It allowed lab activity to be maintained and would save 25 920 person-hours and $1 684 800/year by increasing the margin of safety for returning to work.
| S-EPMC7989168 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceLong-term nursing home stay or death (long-term NH stay or death), defined as new long-term residence in a nursing home or death following hospital discharge, is an important patient-centered outcome.ObjectiveTo examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with changes in long-term NH stay or death among older adults with sepsis, and whether these changes were greater in individuals from racial and ethnic minoritized groups.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study used patient-level data from the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review File, the Master Beneficiary Summary File, and the Minimum Data Set. Community-dwelling individuals aged at least 65 years hospitalized with sepsis between January 2016 and June 2021 were included. Data were analyzed from May to November 2024.ExposureRace and ethnicity and the COVID-19 pandemic.Main outcomes and measuresPatients discharged alive experienced long-term NH stay or death if they resided in a nursing home more than 100 days after hospital discharge and had no period at home greater than 30 days, or died more than 30 days following hospital discharge. Interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate the association between long-term NH stay or death and the pandemic and race and ethnicity.ResultsA total of 2 964 517 hospitalizations for sepsis of community-dwelling patients discharged alive (1 468 754 [49.5%] female; 19 549 [0.7%] American Indian or Alaska Native, 95 308 [3.2%] Asian or Pacific Islander, 282 646 [9.5%] Black, 279 011 [9.4%] Hispanic, 2 288 003 [71.2%] White individuals; mean [SD] age, 76 [8.3] years) were included. Compared with non-Hispanic White individuals, Black individuals were more likely to experience long-term NH stay or death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.30-1.37; P < .001), while Asian or Pacific Islander (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.75-0.83; P < .001), Hispanic (aOR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.70-0.74; P < .001), and American Indian or Alaska Native (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.72-0.87; P < .001) individuals were less likely to experience long-term NH stay or death. Long-term NH stay or death declined from 13.5% in the first quarter of 2016 to 6.9% in the first quarter of 2020. After adjustment, long-term NH stay or death decreased each quarter (aOR, 0.958; 95% CI, 0.957-0.959; P < .001) before the pandemic. The pandemic was associated with increased risk of long-term NH stay or death over time (aOR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.04; P < .001 [each quarter]) compared with before the pandemic for non-Hispanic White individuals. The pandemic was not associated with differential changes in long-term NH stay or death for minoritized individuals compared with non-Hispanic White individuals.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cross-sectional study, older adults hospitalized with sepsis experienced an approximately 50% reduction in long-term NH stay or death over a 5-year period before the pandemic. These results suggest that during the pandemic, all individuals, regardless of race and ethnicity, experienced increased long-term NH stay or death compared with before the pandemic.
| S-EPMC11762228 | biostudies-literature