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Remediating Indoor Pesticide Contamination from Improper Pest Control Treatments: Persistence and Decontamination Studies.

ABSTRACT: The improper and excessive use of pesticides in indoor environments can result in adverse human health effects, sometimes necessitating decontamination of residential or commercial buildings. A lack of information on effective approaches to remediate pesticide residues prompted the decontamination and persistence studies described in this study. Decontamination studies evaluated the effectiveness of liquid-based surface decontaminants against pesticides on indoor surfaces. Building materials were contaminated with 25-2,400 μg/100cm² of the pesticides malathion, carbaryl, fipronil, deltamethrin, and permethrin. Decontaminants included both off-the-shelf and specialized solutions representing various chemistries. Pesticides included in this study were found to be highly persistent in a dark indoor environment with surface concentrations virtually unchanged after 140 days. Indoor light conditions degraded some of the pesticides, but estimated half-lives exceeded the study period. Decontamination efficacy results indicated that the application of household bleach or a hydrogen peroxide-based decontaminant offered the highest efficacy, reducing malathion, fipronil, and deltamethrin by >94-99% on some surfaces. Bleach effectively degraded permethrin (>94%), but not carbaryl (<70%) while the hydrogen peroxide containing products degraded carbaryl (>71-99%) but not permethrin (<54%). These results will inform responders, the general public and public health officials on potential decontamination solutions to remediate indoor surfaces.

SUBMITTER: Oudejans L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7472880 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Environmental contamination caused by COVID-19 patients could be a medium of transmission. Previous reports of SARS-CoV-2 in environmental surfaces were about short-term contamination. This study investigated SARS-CoV-2 RNA existence in room-temperature and low-temperature environments long after exposure (>28 days). A department store, where a COVID-19 outbreak was occurred in January 2020 (the epicenter of 43 COVID-19 patients), and a patient's apartment were included as room-temperature environments after being blocked for 57 days and 48 days, respectively. Seven cold storages and imported frozen foods inside were included as low-temperature environments (under -18 °C). Twenty food markets with potential contamination of imported frozen foods were also included to study the consecutive contamination. Information about temperature, relative humidity, and the number of days of environmental samples since the last exposure was collected and analyzed. In sum, 11,808 swab samples were collected before disinfection, of which 35 samples were positive. Persistent contamination of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was identified in the apartment (6/19), the department store (3/50), food packages in cold storages (23/1360), environmental surfaces of cold storages (2/345), and a package in the food market (1/10,034). Two positive samples were isolated from the bathroom of the apartment (66.7 %, 2/3), and doorknobs were proved with contamination in the apartment (40 %, 2/5) and cold storage (33.3 %, 1/3). The epidemiology information and environmental contamination results of an imported frozen food related COVID-19 case (138th COVID-19 patient in Tianjin) were analyzed. Based on the Ct values, the number of copies of two target genes was calculated by standard curves and linear regressions. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in room-temperature environments at least 57 days after the last exposure, much longer than previous reports. Based on the results of this study and previous studies, infectious SARS-CoV-2 could exist for at least 60 days on the surface of cold-chain food packages. Doorknobs and toilets (bathrooms) were important positions in COVID-19 control. High-risk populations of cold-chain-related logistic operations, such as porters, require strict prevention and high-level personal protection.

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Remediating Indoor Pesticide Contamination from Improper Pest Control Treatments: Persistence and Decontamination Studies.

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