Different cytokine patterns associate with melancholia severity among inpatients with major depressive disorder.

ABSTRACT: Background:Six melancholic features (MFs) of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D6) represent the construct of melancholia along a continuum of severity (from least to most severe: depressed mood, work and activities, somatic symptoms, psychic anxiety, guilty feelings, psychomotor retardation). We aimed to evaluate the association between these MFs and inflammatory cytokines (IC) in the blood. Methods:Each IC [interferon gamma (IFN-?), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17] was associated with the HAM-D6 MFs of 139 severely depressed inpatients, using multiple linear regressions adjusted for covariates. Levels were compared with those of 100 healthy controls. Results:Depressed mood was associated with higher levels of IL-4 (??=?0.167; p?=?0.041). Psychic anxiety: lower IL-17 levels (??=?-0.173; p?=?0.039). Guilt feelings: lower IL-2 levels (??=?-0.168; p?=?0.041) Psychomotor retardation: higher IL-6 levels (??=?0.195; p?=?0.017). Depressed patients' TNF-?, INF-?, and IL-4 levels were not significantly different from controls. Depressed patients' IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 levels were higher than those of controls (p?<0.001). Conclusion:Less severe MFs (depressed mood, psychic anxiety, and guilt feelings) were associated with an anti-inflammatory pattern (higher IL-4, lower IL-17 and lower IL-2, respectively). The presence of the most severe MF, psychomotor retardation, was associated with a higher pro-inflammatory response (higher IL-6).

SUBMITTER: Primo de Carvalho Alves L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7476328 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature