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Association between plasma irisin and glucose metabolism in pregnant women is modified by dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake.

ABSTRACT: AIMS/INTRODUCTION:The role of irisin in maternal glucose metabolism and how it would respond to dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether maternal plasma irisin is associated with glucose metabolism and whether this association is modified by dietary n-3 PUFA. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 932 pregnant women (20-28 weeks' gestation) aged 20-45 years were recruited. Dietary n-3 PUFA was estimated using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Plasma irisin and insulin were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and insulin resistance (IR) was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed with a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Adjusted multivariable linear regression and logistic regression were carried out to examine the associations between plasma irisin and glucose metabolism. The moderating effect of dietary n-3 PUFA intake was determined by fully multiplicative models by including the interaction term. RESULTS:Maternal plasma irisin was negatively associated with HOMA-IR and oral glucose tolerance test 0 h glucose level (? -0.250, -0.067; corrected P-value for false discovery rate = 0.012, 0.018, respectively), positively associated with HOMA of insulin sensitivity (? 0.028; corrected P-value for false discovery rate = 0.012), but not associated with postprandial glucose or the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, we found a moderating effect of dietary n-3 PUFA on the relationships of plasma irisin with HOMA-IR and HOMA of insulin sensitivity; these associations were strengthened with increased n-3 PUFA intake (? -0.037, 0.004; P = 0.014, 0.041, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:Plasma irisin was negatively associated with HOMA-IR and fasting glucose, whereas it was positively associated with HOMA of insulin sensitivity in pregnant women. We first showed that these associations were modified by dietary n-3 PUFA intake.

SUBMITTER: Cai L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7477509 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association between plasma irisin and glucose metabolism in pregnant women is modified by dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake.

Cai Li L Wu Weijia W Lin Lizi L Chen Yajun Y Gao Rui R Shi Bijun B Ma Bingjie B Chen Yuming Y Jing Jin J

Journal of diabetes investigation 20200505 5

<h4>Aims/introduction</h4>The role of irisin in maternal glucose metabolism and how it would respond to dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether maternal plasma irisin is associated with glucose metabolism and whether this association is modified by dietary n-3 PUFA.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>A total of 932 pregnant women (20-28 weeks' gestation) aged 20-45 years were recruited. Dietary n-3 PUFA was estimated using a validat ...[more]

PMID: 32157816

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Project description:BackgroundPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with a lower risk of multiple diseases. Fatty acid desaturase 1 gene (FADS1) polymorphisms and dietary PUFA intake are both established determinants of circulating PUFA proportions.ObjectiveWe explored the joint effects of FADS1 polymorphisms and dietary PUFA intake on circulating PUFA proportions.DesignWe studied 2288 participants from a nested case-control study of coronary artery disease among participants who provided blood samples in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Dietary PUFA intake was obtained from semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires. FADS1 rs174546 was genotyped by using the Affymetrix 6.0 platform, and circulating PUFA proportions were measured with gas-liquid chromatography. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations between rs174546 and circulating proportions of each fatty acid. Gene-diet interactions were tested by including a cross-product term of dietary intake of each PUFA by rs174546 genotype in the linear regression models.ResultsAfter adjustment for sex and ancestry, each copy of the C allele of rs174546 was associated with higher circulating proportions of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and lower proportions of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. The magnitude of positive association between higher consumption of dietary EPA or DHA and circulating proportions of EPA increased with each copy of the rs174546_T allele (P-interaction = 0.01 and 0.007, respectively). Each 1-SD increment in EPA intake was associated with an average 3.7% increase in circulating EPA proportions among participants with the rs174546_CC genotype and an average 7.8% increase among participants with the TT genotype.ConclusionsCarriers of the T allele at FADS1 rs174546 may need higher doses of dietary EPA and DHA to achieve the same circulating proportions of EPA as carriers of the C allele. The implications of these findings on disease risk and dietary guidelines require further study.

Dataset Information

Association between plasma irisin and glucose metabolism in pregnant women is modified by dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake.

Publications

Association between plasma irisin and glucose metabolism in pregnant women is modified by dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake.

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