Dataset Information

Augmenting disease maps: a Bayesian meta-analysis approach.

ABSTRACT: Analysis of spatial patterns of disease is a significant field of research. However, access to unit-level disease data can be difficult for privacy and other reasons. As a consequence, estimates of interest are often published at the small area level as disease maps. This motivates the development of methods for analysis of these ecological estimates directly. Such analyses can widen the scope of research by drawing more insights from published disease maps or atlases. The present study proposes a hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis model that analyses the point and interval estimates from an online atlas. The proposed model is illustrated by modelling the published cancer incidence estimates available as part of the online Australian Cancer Atlas (ACA). The proposed model aims to reveal patterns of cancer incidence for the 20 cancers included in ACA in major cities, regional and remote areas. The model results are validated using the observed areal data created from unit-level data on cancer incidence in each of 2148 small areas. It is found that the meta-analysis models can generate similar patterns of cancer incidence based on urban/rural status of small areas compared with those already known or revealed by the analysis of observed data. The proposed approach can be generalized to other online disease maps and atlases.

SUBMITTER: Jahan F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7481717 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Augmenting disease maps: a Bayesian meta-analysis approach.

Jahan Farzana F Duncan Earl W EW Cramb Susanna M SM Baade Peter D PD Mengersen Kerrie L KL

Royal Society open science 20200805 8

Analysis of spatial patterns of disease is a significant field of research. However, access to unit-level disease data can be difficult for privacy and other reasons. As a consequence, estimates of interest are often published at the small area level as disease maps. This motivates the development of methods for analysis of these ecological estimates directly. Such analyses can widen the scope of research by drawing more insights from published disease maps or atlases. The present study proposes ...[more]

PMID: 32968502

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Project description:PurposeTo investigate the efficacy of medical treatment options for Peyronie's disease (PD) including oral drugs, intralesional treatment and mechanical treatment compared with placebo treatment using network meta-analysis (NMA).Materials and methodsWe searched the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PD in PubMed, Cochrane library, and EMBASE up to October 2022. RCTs included medical treatment options: oral drugs, intralesional treatment and mechanical treatment. Studies reporting at least one of the outcome measures of interest including curvature degree, plaque size, and structured questionnaires (International Index of Erectile Function, IIEF) were included.ResultsFinally, 24 studies including 1,643 participants met our selection criteria for NMA. There was no statistically significant treatment compared to placebo of the curvature degree, plaque size, IIEF in Bayesian analysis. The SUCRA values of ranking probabilities for each treatment performance, which indicated that hyperthermia device ranked first in NMA. However, in frequentist analysis, 7 of mono treatments (coenzyme Q10 [CoQ10] 300 mg, hyperthermia device, interferon alpha 2b, pentoxifylline 400 mg, propionyl-L-carnitine 1 g, penile traction therapy [PTT], vitamin E 300 mg) and 2 of combination treatments ("PTT-extracorporeal shockwave treatment", "vitamin E 300 mg-propionyl-L-carnitine 1 g") were statistically significant for improvement of curvature degree, and 9 of mono treatments (CoQ10 300 mg, hyaluronic acid 16 mg, hyperthermia device, interferon alpha 2b, pentoxifylline 400 mg, propionyl-L-carnitine 1 g, verapamil 10 mg, vitamin E 300 mg, vitamin E 400 U) and 3 of combination treatments ("interferon alpha 2b-vitamin E 400 U", "verapamil 10 mg-antioxidants", "vitamin E 300 mg-propionyl-L-carnitine 1 g") were statistically significant in the improvement of plaque size.ConclusionsAt present, there is no clinical treatment alternatives that have been demonstrated to be effective compared to placebo. Nonetheless, as the frequentist approach has shown that a number of agents are efficacious, further research is expected to develop more effective treatment options.

Project description:BackgroundAlzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia with cognitive decline as one of the core symptoms in older adults. Numerous studies have suggested the value of psychosocial interventions to improve cognition in this population, but which one should be preferred are still matters of controversy. Consequently, we aim to compare and rank different psychosocial interventions in the management of mild to moderate AD with cognitive symptoms.MethodsWe did a network meta-analysis to identify both direct and indirect evidence in relevant studies. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO through the OVID database, CENTRAL through the Cochrane Library for clinical randomized controlled trials investigating psychosocial interventions of cognitive symptoms in patients with Alzheimer disease, published up to August 31, 2017. We included trials of home-based exercise(HE), group exercise(GE), walking program(WP), reminiscence therapy(RT), art therapy(AT) or the combination of psychosocial interventions and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (ChEIs). We extracted the relevant information from these trials with a predefined data extraction sheet and assessed the risk of bias with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The outcomes investigated were Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and compliance. We did a pair-wise meta-analysis using the fixed-effects model and then did a random-effects network meta-analysis within a Bayesian framework.ResultsWe deemed 10 trials eligible, including 682 patients and 11 treatments. The quality of included study was rated as low in most comparison with Cochrane tools. Treatment effects from the network meta-analysis showed WP was better than control (SMD 4.89, 95% CI -0.07 to 10.00) while cognitive training and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (CT + ChEIs) was significantly better than the other treatments, when compared with simple ChEIs treatment, assessed by MMSE. In terms of compliance, the pair-wise meta-analysis indicated that WP and HE are better than GE and AT, while CT + ChEIs, CST + ChEIs are better than other combined interventions.ConclusionOur study confirmed the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for improving cognition or slowing down the progression of cognitive impairment in AD patients and recommended several interventions for clinical practice.

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Augmenting disease maps: a Bayesian meta-analysis approach.

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Augmenting disease maps: a Bayesian meta-analysis approach.

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