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Electroencephalographic and Neuroimaging Asymmetry Correlation in Patients with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

ABSTRACT: The present study explores the correlation between electroencephalographic and neuroimaging asymmetry index from EEG-MRI functional connectome and EEG power analysis in inattention, motion, and mixed profile subgroups of ADHD. Sixty-two subjects from Healthy Brain Network Biobank of the Child Mind Institute dataset were selected basing on the quotient score. From both MRI and EEG asymmetry index, Pearson's correlation, ANOVA, and partial least square analysis were performed matching left and right brain parcels and channels. The asymmetry index significantly correlated across subjects between fMRI and power-EEG in the inattention group in frontal and temporal areas for theta and alpha bands, an anticorrelation in the same areas for delta band was found. Significant patterns of hemispheric asymmetry index have been reported, involving EEG bands that underlie cognitive impairments in ADHD. Alpha and theta bands were altered in the inattention group of patients, reflecting widespread deficiency of basic attentional processing.

SUBMITTER: Longarzo M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7481992 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Electroencephalographic and Neuroimaging Asymmetry Correlation in Patients with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Longarzo M M Cavaliere C C Alfano V V Mele G G Salvatore M M Aiello M M

Neural plasticity 20200901

The present study explores the correlation between electroencephalographic and neuroimaging asymmetry index from EEG-MRI functional connectome and EEG power analysis in inattention, motion, and mixed profile subgroups of ADHD. Sixty-two subjects from Healthy Brain Network Biobank of the Child Mind Institute dataset were selected basing on the quotient score. From both MRI and EEG asymmetry index, Pearson's correlation, ANOVA, and partial least square analysis were performed matching left and rig ...[more]

PMID: 32952547

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Project description:IntroductionAttention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Diagnosis is currently based on behavioral criteria, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is increasingly used in ADHD research. To date however, MRI studies have provided mixed results in ADHD patients, particularly with respect to the laterality of findings.MethodsWe studied 849 children and adolescents (ages 6-21 y.o.) diagnosed with ADHD (n = 341) and age-matched typically developing (TD) controls with structural brain MRI. We calculated volumetric measures from 34 cortical and 14 non-cortical brain regions per hemisphere, and detailed shape morphometry of subcortical nuclei. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected for a subset of 104 subjects; from these, we calculated mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy of white matter tracts. Group comparisons were made for within-hemisphere (right/left) and between hemisphere asymmetry indices (AI) for each measure.ResultsDTI mean diffusivity AI group differences were significant in cingulum, inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculus, and cortico-spinal tracts (p < 0.001) with the effect of stimulant treatment tending to reduce these patterns of asymmetry differences. Gray matter volumes were more asymmetric in medication free ADHD individuals compared to TD in twelve cortical regions and two non-cortical volumes studied (p < 0.05). Morphometric analyses revealed that caudate, hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala were more asymmetric (p < 0.0001) in ADHD individuals compared to TD, and that asymmetry differences were more significant than lateralized comparisons.ConclusionsBrain asymmetry measures allow each individual to serve as their own control, diminishing variability between individuals and when pooling data across sites. Asymmetry group differences were more significant than lateralized comparisons between ADHD and TD subjects across morphometric, volumetric, and DTI comparisons.

Project description:BACKGROUND:A challenge facing clinical neuroscientists is how best to synthesize diverse and sometimes inconsistent evidence for neuropsychological deficits and brain system dysfunction found in psychiatric disorders into models that guide etiological and treatment research. Multiple-pathway models suggest that psychiatric symptoms might arise from pathophysiology in different neural systems. This study tested dual-pathway model predictions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that reward and executive function cognitive deficits should be related to abnormalities in corresponding functionally specialized neural systems. METHODS:Behavioral inhibition and preference for immediate rewards were assessed in N = 251 adolescent boys and girls ages 12 to 18 diagnosed with DSM-IV combined-subtype ADHD or non-ADHD control subjects. Following taxometric analyses of test performance, the resulting subgroups were compared on a functional magnetic resonance imaging monetary incentive delay task probing reward anticipation and go/no-go task of motor response inhibition. RESULTS:Three ADHD subgroups were identified consistent with different proposed pathways-ADHD with executive function/motor inhibition deficits, ADHD with both executive and reward deficits, and ADHD with relatively normal test performance. Each cognitive domain mapped to different ADHD brain dysfunction features as expected. However, no brain abnormalities were found common to all ADHD subgroups despite the fact they had nearly identical ADHD-related clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS:The results suggest that combined-subtype ADHD is a collection of discrete disorders for which a comparable behavioral end point arises through different neurobiological pathways. The findings raise caution about applying common cause, single-deficit conceptual models to individual ADHD patients and should prompt researchers to consider biologically defined, multifactorial etiological models for other psychiatric diagnoses.

Dataset Information

Electroencephalographic and Neuroimaging Asymmetry Correlation in Patients with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Publications

Electroencephalographic and Neuroimaging Asymmetry Correlation in Patients with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

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