Dataset Information

Sex-specific trends in smoking prevalence over seven years in different Austrian populations: results of a time-series cross-sectional analysis.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:Aim of this study was to examine trends over time in smoking status in men and women, and in subgroups, in Austria, a country with poor smoking regulation policies. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS:Two cross-sectional surveys (Austrian Health Interview Surveys for 2007 and 2014), each with more than 15?000 participants from the general population, aged ?15 years. OUTCOME MEASURES:Prevalence of self-reported daily smoking. ORs for daily smoking in subgroups, presented as results of logistic regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic variables and presence of chronic diseases. RESULTS:Prevalence of daily cigarette smoking was 26.0% for men in both years, and increased from 19.1% to 22.0% (p<0.001) in women from 2007 to 2014. Smoking prevalence increased especially in female patients with diabetes mellitus (from 9.9% to 16.4%, p=0.005), obesity (from 17.1% to 21.6%, p=0.010) and hypertension (from 11.2% to 14.2%, p=0.010). Smoking prevalence increased significantly in unemployed men (from 43.6% to 57.1%, p<0.001). In women, smoking prevalence increased in those aged 30-64 years (from 21.9% to 26.3%, p<0.001) and 65+ (from 3.9% to 6.2%, p=0.002), with primary (from 17.2% to 24.4%, p<0.001) and secondary education (from 21.4% to 23.4%, p=0.021), and with a European (from 16.6% to 26.1%, p<0.001) and non-European migration background (from 25.0% to 32.8%, p=0.003). In the adjusted analysis for women in 2014, there was a higher likelihood of smoking (OR 1.22, 95%?CI 1.12 to 1.32, p<0.001) compared with 2007, and for those affected by a chronic disease (OR 1.15, 95%?CI 1.06 to 1.25, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS:There has been a remarkable increase in smoking prevalence over the 7-year period in women in Austria, especially for those with chronic diseases, higher age, lower education and a migration background. Better political and clinical efforts are needed to reduce the high tobacco use in Austria.

SUBMITTER: Dorner TE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7482469 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sex-specific trends in smoking prevalence over seven years in different Austrian populations: results of a time-series cross-sectional analysis.

Dorner Thomas Ernst TE Brath Helmut H Kautzky-Willer Alexandra A

BMJ open 20200909 9

<h4>Objectives</h4>Aim of this study was to examine trends over time in smoking status in men and women, and in subgroups, in Austria, a country with poor smoking regulation policies.<h4>Design and participants</h4>Two cross-sectional surveys (Austrian Health Interview Surveys for 2007 and 2014), each with more than 15 000 participants from the general population, aged ≥15 years.<h4>Outcome measures</h4>Prevalence of self-reported daily smoking. ORs for daily smoking in subgroups, presented as r ...[more]

PMID: 32907892

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Project description:ImportancePresident Biden recently prioritized the fight against smoking as key to reducing cancer mortality.ObjectiveTo assess trends in smoking and illuminate the association between smoking and reducing deaths due to cancer.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study used responses to National Health Interview Surveys from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2022, to characterize trends in current smoking for key sociodemographic groups among US adults.ExposuresAge (18-24, 25-39, 40-64, and ≥65 years), family income (<200%, 200%-399%, and ≥400% of the federal poverty level [FPL]), educational level (less than high school, high school degree or General Educational Development, some college, and college degree or above), and race and ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, White, and other).Main outcomes and measuresWeighted current smoking prevalence with 95% CIs by analysis group from 2011 to 2022. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) in smoking prevalence by analysis group is calculated using Joinpoint regression.ResultsData from 353 555 adults surveyed by the National Health Interview Surveys from 2011 to 2022 were included (12.6% Black, 15.0% Hispanic, 65.2% White, and 7.3% other race or ethnicity). Overall, smoking prevalence decreased among adults aged 18 to 24 years from 19.2% (95% CI, 17.5%-20.9%) in 2011 to 4.9% (95% CI, 3.7%-6.0%) in 2022 at an AAPC of -11.3% (95% CI, -13.2% to -9.4%), while it remained roughly constant among adults 65 years or older at 8.7% (95% CI, 7.9%-9.5%) in 2011 and 9.4% (95% CI, 8.7%-10.2%) in 2022 (AAPC, -0.1% [95% CI, -0.8% to 0.7%]). Among adults 65 years or older, smoking prevalence increased from 13.0% (95% CI, 11.2%-14.7%) in 2011 to 15.8% (95% CI, 14.1%-17.6%) for those with income less than 200% FPL (AAPC, 1.1% [95% CI, 0.1%-2.1%]) and remained roughly constant with no significant change for those of higher income. Similar age patterns are seen across educational level and racial and ethnic groups.Conclusions and relevanceThis cross-sectional study found that smoking prevalence decreased from 2011 to 2022 in all age groups except adults 65 years or older, with faster decreases among younger than older adults. These findings suggest that the greatest gains in terms of reducing smoking-attributable morbidity and mortality could be achieved by focusing on individuals with low socioeconomic status, as this population has the highest smoking rates and the worst health prospects.

Project description:BackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate phase between normal cognitive ageing and overt dementia, with amnesic MCI (aMCI) being the dominant subtype. This study aims to synthesise the prevalence results of MCI and aMCI in community-dwelling populations in China through a meta-analysis and systematic review.MethodsThe study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. English and Chinese studies published before 1 March 2020 were searched from ten electronic bibliographic databases. Two reviewers screened for relevance of the studies against the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed the quality of the included studies using the Risk of Bias Tool independently. A random-effect model was adopted to estimate the prevalence of MCI and aMCI, followed by sub-group analyses and meta-regression. Sensitivity and publication bias tests were performed to verify the robustness of the meta-analyses.ResultsA total of 41 studies with 112,632 participants were included in the meta-analyses. The Chinese community-dwelling populations over 55 years old had a pooled prevalence of 12.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.6, 14.2%] for MCI and 10.9% [95% CI, 7.7, 15.4%] for aMCI, respectively. The prevalence of MCI increased with age. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic tool (DSM-IV) generated the highest MCI prevalence (13.5%), followed by the Petersen criteria (12.9%), and the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria (10.3%). Women, rural residents, and those who lived alone and had low levels of education had higher MCI prevalence than others.ConclusionHigher MCI prevalence was identified in community-dwelling older adult populations in China compared with some other countries, possibly due to more broadened criteria being adopted for confirming the diagnosis. The study shows that aMCI accounts for 66.5% of MCI, which is consistent with findings of studies undertaken elsewhere.Systematic review registration numberPROSPERO CRD42019134686.

Dataset Information

Sex-specific trends in smoking prevalence over seven years in different Austrian populations: results of a time-series cross-sectional analysis.

Publications

Sex-specific trends in smoking prevalence over seven years in different Austrian populations: results of a time-series cross-sectional analysis.

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